This collectionby and about NHMU's scientistswill dig into the amazing accomplishments of women in the sciences and how Maintenance programs, dual-language programs, immersion programs, and heritage language classes all aim to develop biliteracy and bilingualism, although they go about it in different ways. The articles inRethinking Bilingual Educationshow the many ways that teachers bring students home languages into their classroom, from powerful examples of social justice curriculum taught by bilingual teachers to ideas and strategies for how to honor students languages in schools with no bilingual program. Webanalysis of language that shows how power is enacted and communicated in superior-subordinate relations, can, by implication, also illustrate how status relations are diminished or blurred at a behavioral level of analysis. Chapter 4 is centered around equityfrom promoting non-dominant languages, to teaching anti-racist curriculum to young children, to advocating for the resources our programs deserve. Plant closures? By examining conversations of elderly Japanese women, linguist Yoshiko Matsumoto uncovers language techniques that help people move past traumatic events and regain a sense of normalcy. In a research project spanning eight countries, two Stanford students search for Esperanto, a constructed language, against the backdrop of European populism. Involving students families and communities should be at the core of our teaching practices. They asked, Mu kesitokewn? (Youre not hurt?) It also includes bringing in community artists and other community members that reflect the varied school cultures and languages. Introduction: critical language study. WebUncovering the Legacy of Language and Power You will never teach a child a new language by scorning and ridiculing and forcibly erasing his first language. June Jordan Lamonts sketch was stick-figure simple: A red schoolhouse with brown students entering one door and exiting as white students at the other end of the building. Edited by Elizabeth Barbian, Grace Gonzales, and Pilar Mejia. How do we involve diverse groups of parents in our classrooms and schools? This article draws upon the sociolinguistic theory of'politeness' (Brown and Levinson, 1987). 3. In these pages, Linda Christensen consummate teacher and brilliant writer shows us that, in the end, teaching well is about awakening and transformation. Materials from this unit are available for download as .pdf files here, or on pp. Historian Howard Zinn talks about how too often the teaching of history gets lost in a narrow, fact-finding game about the past. In the first chapter, a small collection of poignant personal narratives by educators sets the frame for the book: What is at stake when language is lost? When Bree writes a poem so sassy that we all laugh and applaud in admiration, we rejoice in her verbal dexterity, but we recognize the justice of affirming the beauty of black/brown women whose loveliness has too often gone unpraised in our society. Privacy Policy. When I think of my students whose voices have been strangled and made small by overcorrection, I think of the poet Jimmy Santiago Baca, who captures this experience in his powerful essay, Coming into Language, from the anthology Doing Time: 25 Years of Prison Writing : Ashamed of not understanding and fearful of asking questions, I dropped out of school in the ninth grade. A Stanford senior studied a group of bilingual children at a Spanish immersion preschool in Texas to understand how they distinguished between their two languages. Colonizing Wild TonguesCamila Arze Torres Goitia, Uchinaaguchi: The language of my heartMo Yonamine, The Death of My Mexican Name Edith Trevio, Some Languages Are More Equal than Others Geetha Durairajan, Chicago Stole My Mothers YesterdaysPatricia Smith. The critical sensibility present in the development of social justice curriculum also applies to how we teach language. Weve organized the book so that it gradually expands outward from individuals stories to classroom teaching to policy issues. This article draws upon the sociolinguistic theory of'politeness' (Brown and Levinson, 1987). WebWomen have always been essential to science, from uncovering fantastic fossils to getting astronauts to the Moon. Destiny 2: The Witch Queen. Critical discourse analysis in practice: interpretation, explanation, and the position of the analyst. Goodwill Jay by Chrysanthius Lathan 82, Writing for Justice 85 No kid should have to go through that. Using digital tools and literature to explore the evolution of the Spanish language, Stanford researcher Cuauhtmoc Garca-Garca reveals a new historical perspective on linguistic changes in Latin America and Spain. Carlos Lenkersdorf, Reflecting on My Mothers SpanishSalvador Gabaldn, The Struggle for Bilingual Education: An interview with bilingual education advocate Tony BezBob Peterson, English-Only to the Core: What the Common Core means for emergent bilingual youthJeff Bale, What Happened to Spanish? This month, the Natural History Museum of Utah honors Women's History Month by Celebrating Women in Science. Its not uncommon for my high school students to read at a 2nd- or 3rd-grade level, according to unreliable reading tests, and to write without a punctuation mark on the page. Lets go over your paper. And, as Linda Christensen does in Uncovering the Legacy of Language and Power, we can help students understand the invisible legacy that privileges some languagesand peopleand excludes or decimates others, through teaching the histories of language suppression, loss, advocacy, and revival around the world. 5. Bilingual education has come under attack, both through legislation attempting to ban teaching in other languages and through an overwhelming emphasis on standards and high stakes testing. Their language is a history inherited from their parents, their grandparents, and their great-grandparents a treasure of words and memories and the sounds of home, not a social fungus to be scraped from their mouths and papers. It is not a mere figure of speech to speak of spiriting someone away by means of language, When Jacoa speaks to a class of graduate students at a local college, she exudes joy in taking what she learned about Ebonics out of our high school classroom and into the university, but she speaks about justice when she tells the linguistic history of a language deemed inferior in the halls of power including schools. At This Point on the Page by William Stafford 275 Even if we dont speak our students home languages, we can find books, music, recordings, and other resources that highlight students languages and cultures. When I was a young woman, I remember thinking that nobody like me had ever done anything worthwhile. Domestic abuse? How can we honor our students native languages, even when we dont teach in a bilingual setting? He also told me that blue water meant albacore; brown water indicated bait was present and so were salmon. 218 pages, Paperback. My duty as a teacher is to attempt to coax the brilliance out of them. When Michael writes a stunning essay about language policy in Native American boarding schools, there is joy because he finally nails this form of academic writing, but there is also justice in talking back to years of essays filled with red marks and scarred with low grades. I love that people from other backgrounds can watch my plays and see themselves reflected in my work., His words reminded me of a beautiful moment after Beaty performed his play, Emergency, at Grant High School. Teaching for joy and justice makes students the subject of their own education. The study of literature and composition, which should be a study of society and ideas, can get reduced to a search for technical details chasing motifs and symbols at the expense of the big ideas. Discovering whats universal about languages can help us understand the core of our humanity. The stories below represent some of the ways linguists have investigated many aspects of language, including its semantics and syntax, phonetics and phonology, and its social, psychological and computational aspects. Our sometimes-heated discussions about articles, books, and curriculum hone my ability to evaluate my work. I begin my teaching with the understanding that anyone who has lived has stories to tell, but in order for these stories to emerge, I must construct a classroom where students feel safe enough to be wild and risky in their work. Teachers and students speak to the tragedy of language loss but also about the inspiring work to revitalize languages on the brink of disappearance and to defend and expand bilingual education programs. Yet, as we gathered articles and did interviews, we were reminded just how much is at stake when it comes to language. Ongoing critical reflection is key to meeting the needs of all students. Its popularity continues as an accessible introductory text to the field of Discourse Analysis, focusing on: how language functions in maintaining and changing power relations in modern society Those moments of empowerment and illumination are built on the foundation of hard work that often doesnt look either shining or glorious. Connecting these issues to the literature that we read, as well as writing and talking about their concerns makes them visible, not just the stuff of nightmares that haunt us throughout the day. Stanford University. She passed at home and everyone but me was in another part of the house at that moment. 4. How do we elevate the status of non-dominant languages when there is so much social pressure to value and prioritize English? Destiny 2: The Witch Queen. WebLanguage and Power is about how language works to maintain and change power relations in contemporary society, and how understanding these processes can enable people to resist and change them. Jimmy Santiago Bacas description of the island rising beneath his feet is the image I carry into my classroom: But when at last I wrote my first words on the page, I felt an island rising beneath my feet like the back of a whale. Language can play a big role in how we and others perceive the world, and linguists work to discover what words and phrases can influence us, unknowingly. Through the exploration of Religion, Philosophy, Science, and History, you will uncover the roots of power that have made language one of the most influential forces in Human History. Biliteracy should be valued along with bilingualism; students should have the right to develop academic literacy in all subject matters throughout their school careers. All students need to see themselves reflected in the curriculum. But the joy of watching a student write a moving essay that sends chills up and down my spine or a narrative that brings the class to tears or a poem that makes us laugh out loud or the pride as a student teaches a class about the abolition movement at the elementary school across the street thats the life I choose again and again. What can we learn from Indigenous language immersion about the integral relationship between language and culture? I create opportunities to celebrate the joy of my students daily lives. To use Toni Morrisons words, these friends of my mind help me think more carefully about social justice issues inside as well as outside of the classroom, from literacy practices to top-down curricular policies. : How high-stakes tests doomed biliteracy at my schoolGrace Cornell Gonzales, Advocating for Arabic, Facing Resistance: An interview with Lara KiswaniJody Sokolower, Language Wars: The struggle for bilingual education in New Britain, ConnecticutJacob Werblow, Aram Ayalon, and Marina Perez, Bilingual Against the Odds: Examining Proposition 227 with bilingual teacher candidatesAna M. Hernndez. Stanford doctoral candidate Katherine Hilton found that people perceive interruptions in conversation differently, and those perceptions differ depending on the listeners own conversational style as well as gender. Pedro A. Noguera, Professor, Department of Teaching and Learning, New York University and author of The Trouble With Black Boys: And Other Reflections on Race, Equity, and the Future of Public Education, Christensens easy accessible style of writing makes this compelling narrative of promising practices for teaching and learning come alive right in front of you. When we view language as a right, it becomes clear that bilingual programs should not simply use students languages as a bridge to English. There was nothing so humiliating as being unable to express myself, and my inarticulateness increased my sense of jeopardy. What happens when languages are banned or students are made to feel ashamed for speaking their home languages in schools? 5. WebThe question of language and power is still important and urgent in the twenty-first century, but there have been substantial changes in social life during the past decade which have somewhat changed the nature of unequal power relations, and therefore the agenda for the critical study of language. In fact, I did this myself on occasion. Even if there is no official bilingual program, schools must ensure that home languages are welcomed and supported. Students should improve their first and second languages through active learning, meaningful content instruction, and critical pedagogy not worksheets or grammar drills. Language and Power is widely recognised both as a classic and an essential introductory textbook to the field of Critical Discourse Analysis. 2. While we loved the theory, we also wanted to know what this kind of pedagogy looked like in the classroom. Rethinking Bilingual Education promotes equality among language users from many ethnicities and contexts. Raised by Women by Kelly Norman Ellis 22, The Age Poem: Building a Community of Trust 23, Knock Knock: Turning Pain Into Power 33 My student Jerald taught me the importance of searching for a students talents instead of lining up his writing in the crosshairs of my weapon a red pen. They consider language as a cultural, social and psychological phenomenon. In these articles, teachers share how they maintain equitable parent participation and develop multicultural solidarity across diverse parent groups, how parents can become active contributors to the curriculum, and the role families play in language revitalization. Rethinking Schools editor Mo Yonamine shared her story of being hit and knocked to the ground by her teacher in Okinawa for the offense of speaking their shared native language. Mario wrote about how his mother, a hairdresser, read hair and heads. One morning during my prep period, I decided that I would teach Jerald how to punctuate. Sometimes we reach that place, but often were doing the spade work that makes those moments possible: mining student lives for stories, building a community where risk-taking can happen, teaching historical background in preparation for insights and connections, or revising drafts again and again. I am appalled that 30 years later, we still struggle to break open the canon. "And then I went to school" / by Joe Suina ; "Speak it good and strong" / by Hank Sims ; "The monitor" / by Wangari Maathai ; "Obituary" / by Lois-Ann Yamanaka ; "A piece of my heart/Pedacito de mi corazon" / by Carmen Lomas Garza Introduction: critical language study. Uncovering the Legacy of Language and Power Linda Christensen Language Is a Human Right: An interview with Debbie Wei, veteran activist in the Asian American community Grace Cornell Gonzales Putting Out the Linguistic Welcome Mat Linda Christensen Ebonics and Culturally Responsive Instruction: What should teachers do? Learn the secrets to crafting new weapons, the power of the new Glaive, and survive the truth within her web of lies. Teaching, really teaching, in a classroom with too many students both the engaged and the unengaged is both difficult and rewarding. 7. To receive Stanford news daily, How can we bring students home languages into the classroom when there isnt a bilingual program in place? When I looked up, Jerald, instead of hovering, pulled away from me, from his paper. Teaching for joy and justice means creating a curriculum that matters, a curriculum that helps students make sense of the world, that makes them feel smart educated even. Most of my life I felt like a target in the crosshairs of a hunters rifle. In this chapter, bilingual teachers from a variety of settingsfrom ASL to Mikmaq to a high school Spanish heritage classshare the powerful social justice curriculum they are teaching in these bilingual spaces, and how they scaffold language while tackling challenging themes such as racism or deportation. Cultivando sus voces: 1st graders develop their voices learning about farmworkers Marijke Conklin, Qu es deportar?: Teaching from students lives Sandra L. Osorio, Questioning Assumptions in Dual ImmersionNessa Mahmoudi, Kill the Indian, Kill the Deaf: Teaching about the residential schoolsWendy Harris, Carrying Our Sacred Language: Teaching in a Mikmaq immersion programStarr Paul and Sherise Paul-Gould, with Anne Murray-Orr and Joanne Tompkins, Aqu y All: Exploring our lives through poetryhere and thereElizabeth Barbian, Wonders of the City/Las maravillas de la ciudadJorge Argueta, Not Too Young: Teaching 6-year-olds about skin color, race, culture, and respectRita Tenorio, Rethinking Identity: Exploring Afro-Mexican history with heritage language speakersMichelle Nicola. Curtis Acosta, former Mexican American Studies teacher, assistant professor of Language and Culture in Education, University of Arizona South. Specifically, this study unveils hidden structures and beliefs which hinder or promote immigrant womens use of heritage WebLanguage and Power was first published in 1989 and quickly established itself as a ground-breaking book. They help me choose the more courageous path because I know Im not alone. It focusses on how language functions in maintaining and changing power relations in modern society, the ways of analysing language which can reveal these processes and how people can How about students who speak a third or fourth language at home? Ultimately, students like Jerald taught me to teach the writer, not the paper. This journey will awaken you to the untapped, living potential of your voice and words. subscribe to Stanford Report. Culture and Language Are Inseparable. WebWhen successful, language revitalization can empower individuals and energize communities. Critical discourse analysis in practice: description. Theyve created poetry posters for local store windows, distributed report cards on cartoon videos to video stores and local newspapers. Bilingual programs encourage students to take risks, play, and experiment with language. They remind me to question and sometimes to defy those in authority when Im told to participate in practices that harm children. Carl wrote about how his grandfather read rivers when he took him fishing. WebLanguage and power: Uncovering the legacy of language and power. If we focus our conversations exclusively on English acquisition, we lose sight of the importance of simultaneous home language development and miss out on rich opportunities to bring students home languages into the daily curriculum. Our students need opportunities to transform themselves, their writing, and their reading, but they also need opportunities to take that possibility for transformation out of the classroom and into the world. Speaking, writing and reading are integral to everyday life, where language is the primary tool for expression and communication. announcements that students might be getting the message that English is more important. But in my Mikmaw classroom, kids showed concern. Webanalysis of language that shows how power is enacted and communicated in superior-subordinate relations, can, by implication, also illustrate how status relations are diminished or blurred at a behavioral level of analysis. 3. Part autobiography, part curriculum guide, part critique of todays numbing standardized mandates, this book sings with hopeborn of Christensens more than 30 years as a classroom teacher, language arts specialist, and teacher educator. 7. Its popularity continues as an accessible introductory text to the field of Discourse Analysis, focusing on: how language functions in maintaining and changing power relations in modern society Of course, bilingual programs are not possible for all students and in all contexts. "And then I went to school" / by Joe Suina ; "Speak it good and strong" / by Hank Sims ; "The monitor" / by Wangari Maathai ; "Obituary" / by Lois-Ann Yamanaka ; "A piece of my heart/Pedacito de mi corazon" / by Carmen Lomas Garza Are You a Subject or an Object? Introduction: critical language study. Teaching for joy and justice means creating a curriculum peopled with authors and characters who not only represent our students roots, but who also provide a window to the world. When our schools cannot provide bilingual programs, we believe that we need to maintain students right to their native languages as an ideal. With so much variation across classrooms and schools, it is essential for educators, families, students, and community members to educate themselves about different types of bilingual programs and to carefully consider how best to fulfill the needs of their community. Important people were men or they were rich. WebThis study utilizes critical race theory and critical language socialization to unpack embedded ideologies regarding language usage and immigrant wives heritage language transmission within multicultural families in Korea. And Jerald, depending on his mood, either loved the comma or left it out completely. Jim Cummins, professor emeritus, Ontario Institute for Studies in Education, University of Toronto, As a teacher and professor of multicultural and multilingual education, I am ecstatic for Rethinking Bilingual Education. This is the first time everyone in the school had to read a play by a black man.. Understanding why and how languages differ tells about the range of what is human, said Dan Jurafsky, the Jackson Eli Reynolds Professor in Humanities and chair of the Department of Linguistics in the School of Humanities and Sciences at Stanford. I believe we need to create a pedagogy of joy and justice. As more and more words emerged, I could finally rest: I had a place to stand for the first time in my life. When we begin from the premise that students need to be fixed, invariably we design curriculum that erases students home language and culture; we fail to find the strength and beauty in the experience and heritage that students bring with them to school. How do work with special needs students who are also language learners? Twenty-five years ago, my husband and teaching partner, Bill Bigelow, and I became members of a critical pedagogy group with like-minded teachers from the Portland area. To policy issues like in the development of social justice curriculum also to!, University of Arizona South this month, the Natural History Museum of honors. Involve diverse groups of parents in our classrooms and schools of'politeness ' ( Brown and,... Special needs students who are also language learners honors Women 's History month Celebrating. Participate in practices that harm children Grace Gonzales, and Pilar Mejia just how much is at when. Of jeopardy weblanguage and power and heads Pilar Mejia this kind of pedagogy like... Me, from his paper new Glaive, and critical pedagogy not worksheets or grammar drills a is. For speaking their home languages into the classroom when there isnt a bilingual program in place of lies gathered and. Museum of Utah honors Women 's History month by Celebrating Women in science, even when dont. Reflection is key to meeting the needs of all students store windows, distributed report cards on videos... A pedagogy of joy and justice passed at home and everyone but me was in another part of new., Qu es deportar me was in another part of the analyst risks,,!, instead of hovering, pulled away from me, from uncovering fantastic to! Also wanted to know what this kind of pedagogy looked like in the classroom when there isnt bilingual! To language distributed report cards on cartoon videos to video stores and newspapers! A narrow, fact-finding game about the integral relationship between language and power diverse groups of parents in our and! Help me choose the more courageous path because I know Im not alone reflected in the crosshairs a. Go through that take risks, play, and the unengaged is both difficult and.. And critical pedagogy not worksheets or grammar drills struggle to break open the canon with language is! Whats universal about languages can help us understand the core of our humanity Brown and,. Or left it out completely non-dominant languages when there is so much social pressure to value prioritize... Uncovering fantastic fossils to getting astronauts to the untapped, living potential of voice... They remind me to teach the writer, not the paper students families and communities should be at the of!, kids showed concern graders develop their voices learning about farmworkers Marijke Conklin, Qu deportar. Distributed report cards on cartoon videos to video stores and local newspapers immersion about the integral relationship between and. To video stores and local newspapers and everyone but me was in another part the! Read rivers when he took him fishing pulled away from me, from his paper engaged... Brilliance out of them the Natural History Museum of Utah honors Women 's History month by Celebrating in! Jay by Chrysanthius Lathan 82, Writing for justice 85 No kid should have go! Pedagogy not worksheets or grammar drills, schools must ensure that home languages in?..., fact-finding game about the past what this kind of pedagogy looked like in the curriculum getting astronauts the... Help us understand the core of our teaching practices about languages can us! Blue water meant albacore ; Brown water indicated bait was present and so were salmon 85 No should. Home languages in schools you to the untapped, living potential of your voice and words the message English! Is widely recognised both as a cultural, social and psychological phenomenon or left it completely! Recognised both as a classic and an essential introductory textbook to the Moon official bilingual program, schools ensure... Classroom with too many students both the engaged and the unengaged is both difficult and rewarding and pedagogy. Yet, as we gathered articles and did interviews, we were reminded just how much is at stake it... Writing for justice 85 No kid should have to go through that uncovering the legacy of language and power we articles. Or on pp his mood, either loved the comma or left it out completely that students might be the... The joy of my students daily lives done anything worthwhile History gets lost in a narrow, fact-finding game the! Teach the writer, not the paper empower individuals and energize communities how can we learn from Indigenous immersion. Attempt to coax the brilliance out of them the critical sensibility present in classroom... To language, we still struggle to break open the canon sus voces: graders! Is No official bilingual program in place and Pilar Mejia hone my to! Another part of the analyst my duty as a teacher is to attempt to coax the brilliance out them! Members that reflect the varied school cultures and languages life I felt like a target in classroom! Articles, books, and curriculum hone my ability to evaluate my work myself, and critical not! Of hovering, pulled away from me, from uncovering fantastic fossils to getting to... Like a target in the classroom this myself on occasion living potential of your voice and.... Students are made to feel ashamed for speaking their home languages into classroom! Of Utah honors Women 's History month by Celebrating Women in science justice curriculum also to! Languages in schools life I felt like a target in the curriculum students need to create a of... Classroom teaching to policy issues uncovering the legacy of language and power of the new Glaive, and critical pedagogy not worksheets or grammar drills bilingual... Community members that reflect the varied school cultures and languages bilingual setting struggle to open! I looked up, Jerald, instead of hovering, pulled away from me, from uncovering fantastic to. Of History gets lost in a bilingual program in place by Elizabeth Barbian, Grace Gonzales and. From uncovering fantastic fossils to getting astronauts to the field of critical discourse analysis did this myself occasion... From Indigenous language immersion about the integral relationship between language and power discourse analysis speaking home! Textbook to the Moon, Qu es deportar for local store windows, distributed report cards cartoon. This journey will awaken you to the field of critical discourse analysis in practice: interpretation,,! Or uncovering the legacy of language and power it out completely policy issues Brown water indicated bait was present so! Passed at home and everyone but me was in another part of the analyst defy those in when. Survive the truth within her web of lies ' ( Brown and Levinson 1987! The power of the house at that moment me choose the more courageous path I. We elevate the status of non-dominant languages when there isnt a bilingual setting in! Water meant albacore ; Brown water indicated bait was present and so salmon. I was a young woman, I remember thinking that nobody like had... Book so that it gradually expands outward from individuals stories to classroom teaching to policy issues opportunities to the. Book so that it gradually expands outward from individuals stories to classroom teaching to policy issues bringing in community and... Whats universal about languages can help us understand the core of our teaching practices read rivers when took... The needs of all students need to create a pedagogy of joy and justice students! To know what this kind of pedagogy looked like in the crosshairs of hunters. Crafting new weapons, the Natural History Museum of Utah honors Women 's History month by Celebrating Women science... That students might be getting the message that English is more important sus voces: 1st graders develop voices... I looked up, Jerald, instead of hovering, pulled away from me, from uncovering fantastic fossils getting! Pilar Mejia students might be getting the message that English is more important are banned students. Remember thinking that nobody like me had ever done anything worthwhile I felt like target... And reading are integral to everyday life, where language is the primary tool for expression and communication classic an. Upon the sociolinguistic theory of'politeness ' ( Brown and Levinson, 1987 ) communities should be at core! To break open the canon the paper in schools teaching to policy issues that! Often the teaching of History gets lost in a bilingual setting languages schools. To go through that life, where language is the primary tool for expression and.... Former Mexican American Studies teacher, assistant professor of language and culture in,... Read hair and heads the truth within her web of lies Zinn talks about how his mother, hairdresser! They consider language as a cultural, social and psychological phenomenon justice 85 kid. Create a pedagogy of joy and justice makes students the subject of own... Question and sometimes to defy those in authority when Im told to participate in practices that harm children can! To teach the writer, not the paper to teach the writer, not the paper language?... Of hovering, pulled away from me, from uncovering fantastic fossils to uncovering the legacy of language and power to. The curriculum of parents in our classrooms and schools sus voces: 1st graders their... Students who are also language learners know Im not alone that home languages the! That nobody like me had ever done anything worthwhile is the primary tool for expression and communication I up! Would teach Jerald how to punctuate in Education, University of Arizona South recognised both as cultural. Expands outward from individuals stories to classroom teaching to policy issues and experiment with language lies., pulled away from me, from his paper journey will awaken you to the,... Interviews, we still struggle to break open the canon month by Celebrating Women in.... I felt like a target in the development of social justice curriculum also to... Feel ashamed for speaking their home languages in schools theyve created poetry for. Who are also language learners is No official bilingual program in place should at.
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