Lesson plans, science fair experiments, field trips, teacher guide, and career corner. Accessed December 17, 2014, Association between gaseous ambient air pollutants and adverse pregnancy outcomes in Vancouver, Canada, Ambient air pollution and term birth weight in Texas from 1998 to 2004, Traffic-related air toxics and term low birth weight in Los Angeles County, California, Association between local traffic-generated air pollution and preeclampsia and preterm delivery in the south coast air basin of California, Emissions of Hazardous Air Pollutants from Coal-fired Power Plants, Exposure to air pollution during different gestational phases contributes to risks of low birth weight, Congenital abnormalities and indicators of germinal mutations in the vicinity of the Paks nuclear plant, Hungary, Risk factors for low birth weight: a review. Delfino However, studies on residential mobility and its effects on air pollution assessment suggest a very low degree of misclassification (42, 43). Ha et al. Quadrant A shows power plants located in or near communities with a low-income percentage greater than the national average and less than the people of color national average. As noted in the Data Considerations section, information about the adjacent communities can be used to raise awareness and to help people understand the extent to which there may be disproportionate, adverse impacts on overburdened communities. Steve Clemmer Abbreviations: LBW, low birth weight; PTD, preterm delivery; SD, standard deviation; VPTD, very preterm delivery. The Author 2015. Coal is responsible for over 800,000 premature deaths per year globally and many millions more serious and minor illnesses. JM We stratified the plots by fuel type for comparison. Particulate matter and ozone cause the extensive list of adverse health outcomes you hear at the end of a prescription drug commercial shortness of breath, heart attacks, premature death; the list goes on. In addition, when exposure was changed to number of plants within 20 km, coal plants had the highest association with all adverse birth outcomes. Chen Populations found to be particularly vulnerable to environmental pollution include the poor, the elderly, the very young, those already in poor health, and/or indigenous populations. JD The main outcomes of interest in this study include the terms LBW, PTD, and VPTD, all of which were assessed through Florida Vital Records data. A recent risk analysis estimated that particulate matter less than 2.5 m in diameter (PM2.5) and ozone, estimated from the 2005 air quality level, were responsible for 130,000 and 4,700 excess deaths, respectively (9). Additionally, emissions of SO2 and NOXcontribute to the formation of ozone, or smog, and fine particle pollution. To explore the state-level data, click on a state tosee the number of plants located in communities above the80thpercentile for each of the six key demographics and then click on a demographic to see the distribution of plants across the entire range of percentiles. RD Quantifying the risk This association is also consistent with our data that showed, on average, that women close to nuclear plants and other plants were exposed to lower levels of PM2.5. We also categorized the proximity to power plants into several categories of buffers: <5, 59.9, 1019.9, and 20 km. Characteristics and risk factors for adverse birth outcomes in pregnant black adolescents, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Factors associated with negative birth outcomes: findings from a birth cohort study, A case study of the relative effects of power plant nitrogen oxides and sulfur dioxide emission reductions on atmospheric nitrogen deposition, Residential mobility during pregnancy and the potential for ambient air pollution exposure misclassification, Impact of residential mobility on exposure assessment in longitudinal air pollution studies: a sensitivity analysis within the ESCAPE Project. A et al. According to the US Environmental Protection Agency, power plants release toxic chemicals into the air including mercury, heavy metals, and acid gases, all of which are known to be deleterious to human health, especially that of the unborn fetus (15). update email soon. Uranium fuel, nuclear reactors, generation, spent fuel. Proximity to any power plant appeared to increase the odds of all adverse birth outcomes for both continuous and categorical exposure in the unadjusted model. Ive lived closer than a lot of people. I slept just a couple hundred feet from one. I worked dozens of feet from them. My apartment where I spent These keydemographicsand information about nearby power plants may help identify a community's potential vulnerability to environmental concerns. We further stratified analyses for different types of plants. Many plants meet or exceed this threshold for more than one key demographic and are included in the counts of more than one demographic. Thanks for signing up. Wellhead natural gas may contain contaminants and hydrocarbon gas liquids (HGLs) that must be removed before the natural gas can be safely transported through high-pressure, long-distance pipelines to consumers. There is a proposal for the construction of a 130MW, natural gas fired power generation facility near my house. 3rd Williams TA The graph will update to show the number of plants in five percentileranges between zero and one hundred for the selected demographic. The United States uses three main types of underground natural gas storage facilities: U.S. Energy Information Administration, 1000 Independence Ave., SW, Washington, DC 20585, Residential Energy Consumption Survey (RECS), Commercial Buildings Energy Consumption Survey (CBECS). et al. P (* edit). J Notethat this applies to the site boundary, not to theactual well site.". In addition, nitric oxides have also been linked to term LBW and PTD (30, 31). Abbreviations: CI, confidence interval; LBW, low birth weight; OR, odds ratio; PM2.5, particulate matter less than 2.5 m in diameter; PTD, preterm delivery; SD, standard deviation; VPTD, very preterm delivery. A .gov website belongs to an official government organization in the United States. The type of nearest power plant was also identified by fuel type. Prenatal exposure was assigned to each birth as the average daily PM2.5 concentration over the first trimester for the grid in which it falls. Not only does NOx cause respiratory problems, but NOx also reacts with other substances in the air to produce particulate matter and ozone. Low-income populations generally have been found to have a higher prevalence of pre-existing diseases, limited access to medical treatment, and increased nutritional deficiencies, which can increase this populations susceptibility to pollution-related effects. Moshammer This analysis yielded results consistent with proximity to power plants as a measure of exposure. In categorical exposure analyses, no association was found. In New York, power-sector emissions Pope Lee JM Still, being aware of the characteristics of communities closest to power plants is a starting point in understanding the potential sources of pollution that may impact a community and how changes in a power plants air emissions may affect the air quality experienced by some of those already vulnerable to environmental burdens. Geer In Director of Energy Research & Analysis, Guillermo Pereira EH Cons. et al. WebFar safer than living near a coal burning plant or downstream from a major dam. Short, timely articles with graphics on energy, facts, issues, and trends. A After an examination into the Kleen Energy explosion that killed six workers last month, a U.S. Chemical Safety Board investigator expresses concerns over one of the industry's standard practices. Demand for these electric plants is increasing, and the thousands of workers who will be constructing them, and working in them, will rely on better protocols and oversight for their safety. We also analyzed our exposure as a continuous variable and assumed that the association between proximity and the odds of adverse birth outcomes is linear on the logarithmic scale. Accessed March 8, 2014, Combining different sources of particulate data using Bayesian space-time modeling, First trimester exposure to ambient air pollution, pregnancy complications and adverse birth outcomes in Allegheny County, PA, Electric power annual: emission from energy consumption at conventional power plants and combined-heat-and-power plants 20022012, Published December 12, 2013. Rabczenko In addition to the data presented in these maps and graphs, a Association Between Number of Plants Within 20 km, by Fuel Type, and Adverse Birth Outcomes in Florida From 2004 to 2005. a Adjusted for maternal age, maternal race, maternal education, marital status, census block group income, and urban neighborhood. We observed a 1.8% (95% confidence interval (CI): 1.3, 2.3) increased odds for PTD, 2.2% (95% CI: 1.0, 3.4) for VPTD, and 1.1% (95% CI: 0.2, 2.0) for term LBW for each 5 km closer to any power plant. Dominici WebThis is so because the stack is usually several 100s meters tall, so that pollutants in flue gas are dispersed in the atmosphere and only have an influence at distances in the range of J D Oudin Hu Chen The interactive map below shows recent and expected coal, natural gas, oil, and other combustion power plant retirements. . EM A WebA gas-fired power plant is a type of fossil fuel power station in which chemical energy stored in natural gas, which is mainly methane, is converted successively into: thermal energy, mechanical energy and, finally, electrical energy.Although they cannot exceed the Carnot cycle limit for conversion of heat energy into useful work the excess heat may be used in The study also found that women living near 1 or more power plants located within a 20 km radius from their residence had higher odds of adverse birth outcomes. According to projections from the California Air Resources Board, stationary sources account for roughly 21% of NOx emissions, while mobile sources account for a whopping 74% of NOx emission in the state. 2023 ZDNET, A Red Ventures company. WebGangadharan et al. Terms, Conditions, and Privacy Policy. Moreover, there is recent evidence suggesting that harmful emissions from power plants may be increasing (16). This practice, although common, is inherently unsafe. Reply STOP to cancel. More information about the Power Plants and Neighboring Communities Mapping Tool can be foundhere. Buonocore X Otos Table1 shows participants' characteristics by term LBW, PTD, and VPTD. Two logistic regression models were used for each outcome: The first model was unadjusted, and the second model was a parsimonious model adjusted for potential confounders on the basis of our directed acyclic graph (Supplementary Data). The color of the marker indicates fuel type and the marker size represents projected retired nameplate capacity (MW). SI De Mouzon Consequently, daily activity patterns cannot entirely explain the increased risk that we found. For term LBW, only those living between 10 and 20 km away from any power plant had increased odds. This pattern remained consistent when daily PM2.5 concentrations near different types of power plants were examined. et al. Greenhouse gas data, voluntary reporting, electric power plant emissions. with both a low-income percentage and people of color percentage greater than the national averages. Now, I know that 1% does not sound like very much, but give me a moment to explain why this is still significant. In addition, women who were closest to coal plants were exposed to the highest levels of PM2.5 (mean = 10.7 (standard deviation (SD), 2.7) g/m3) during the first trimester, followed by those living close to solid waste plants (mean = 10.1 (SD, 1.8) g/m3), gas plants (mean = 9.5 (SD, 2.1) g/m3), and oil plants (mean = 9.3 (SD, 1.8) g/m3). Yet the recent closures of plants in Massachusetts, New York and Pennsylvania underscore their effects on emissions. There are a lot of factors that you need to consider. Different countries have a different regulation regarding the measurements of where to reside Updated March 27, 2012. WebDistance from the nearest power plants was measured in kilometers. 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