As for the EEC/EU, his anti- stance was in keeping with Labour Party Policy. However, Margaret Thatchers intentions in this source have to be questioned as this book was published in 1993 after Thatcher resigned as Prime Minister in 1990, therefore she may have been trying to justify her actions and downplay the use of police in the miners strike. Both the Marxist view and the mainstream media view gives credit to government preparations showing this was definitely an important factor in the failure of the strike. Any opinions, findings, conclusions or recommendations expressed in this material are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the views of UKEssays.com. Do you have a 2:1 degree or higher? In 1958, he attended the World Federation of Trade Unions youth congress in Prague. Seumas Milne argues that the miners had sued the police for assault, wrongful arrest, malicious persecution and false imprisonment and then went on to describe the battle of Orgreaves as an 8,000 riot police staged medieval-style mounted charges of unprecedented ferocity[33]. [26] Milne, Seumas. After the miners' strike, Scargill was elected to lifetime presidency of the NUM by an overwhelming national majority, in a controversial election in which some[who?] Scargill has so burnt his bridges with the NUM and the broad left of the labour movement that his name is never mentioned at Durham miners' gala or at other miners' strike commemorations. : A Review of Literature on the 1984/5 Miners' Strike. He cannot resist pointing out parallels in all times and places. By continuing to use this website, you agree to our Privacy Policy and Terms & Conditions. [32] An internal NUM report by Gavin Lightman QC found that Scargill had used some of the Libyan money to pay for improvements to his bungalow but not to pay off his mortgage (as had been alleged),[33] and stated that Scargill's failure to make a full report on the Soviet money donated for the Welsh miners was "a remarkable breach of duty" and that he should repay the money back to the NUM. [8] Beckett, Francis, and David Hencke. Look for the .htaccess file in the list of files. When you encounter a 404 error in WordPress, you have two options for correcting it. The best work on Scargill was Michael Crick, Scargill and the Miners (1985). [53] Following Margaret Thatcher's death in April 2013, ITN made Scargill several offers for a five-minute interview, with the final offer reaching 16,000, but Scargill refused all the offers and did not speak to any media organisation. The Guardian. Another controversial action that Thatcher took was giving the police ultimate power during the strike. vufindString = {bulk_email_success: "Your item(s) were e-mailed",bulk_save_success: "Your item(s) were saved successfully",close: "close",loading: "Loading",sms_success: "Message sent. Neil Kinnock even compared Scargill with a general who wanted another Gallipoli[3]. A miner at the age of 18, he was a member (1955-62) of the Young Communist League before joining the Labour Party.In 1981, Scargill became president of the National Union of Mineworkers (NUM).His attempt to confront Margaret Thatcher's programme of pit closures and anti-union legislation led to a miner's strike (1984-85). (2004) "Al Richardson (19412003): An Appreciation", David Howell, et al. Page 345. [5] However, we have to keep in mind that Tony Benn opposed the radical restrictions put on the striking miners as he thought they were unfair. [55], In 2017, Scargill spoke at an event in Cardiff setting out how British manufacturing could be rebuilt after Britain had left the European Union. Page 57-59. The Alliance for Workers' Liberty is an organisation fighting as part of the labour movement for a socialist alternative to both capitalism and Stalinism, based on common ownership and democracy. There are those on the would-be left who will willingly attempt to defend people accused of rape, individuals who beat their partners, those who think there is vast Jewish conspiracy against Corbyn, and elements that think trans people are mentally ill. Scargill seems to have almost no one to advocate for him. However, one of the most important factors in the failure of the miners strike has to be the lack of support especially from the Nottinghamshire miners and the falling through of the NACODs strike. This led to McGregor and the NCB negotiating a settlement with NACODS in order for them to call off the strike which could have seriously affected the outcome of the miners strike. We always have to be aware of the enemy within, which is much more difficult to fight and more dangerous to liberty[28]. Without them the power stations, even with the mix of nuclear and oil and the careful stockpiling, might have begun to run short and the government would have been in deep trouble[43] Therefore, showing that the lack of support from the Nottinghamshire miners was a more important factor in the failure of the Miners strike than government preparations. My mother was strictly non-political. Nevertheless, Government intervention such as the use of police and the actions of Ian McGregor was not the most important factor in the failure of the strike as many people openly criticised McGregor, including Thatcher herself. Arthur Scargill (born January 11, 1938) is a British trade unionist. Page 22. In 1965 he was elected Branch Delegate from Woolley to the Yorkshire NUM Area Council, and in 1969 was elected a member of the Yorkshire NUM Area Executive Committee. Shankland's and Hancock's life sentences for murder were reduced to eight years for manslaughter on appeal. Harpercollins Publishers, 2012. If anyone of them has any cause for complaint they are simply showing the door because they have no unions to speak for to stand up for the rights of any working man or woman in this country. However, Thatcher, herself, has discredited this view saying He (Arthur Scargill) was making wild claims that the CEGB had only eight weeks of coal stocks. Arthur Scargill. The strike of 1984 was covered in detail by the press. A former Labour Party member, Scargill is now leader of the Socialist Labour Party (SLP), founded by him in 1996. Logger.logCoid("61c4e44a-8d58-45d2-8bc5-5fc2bd749aae"); This is supported by Margaret Thatcher herself; His (Ian McGregor) impression was that the police were failing to uphold criminal law and that the pickets had been able to prevent people going to work[38]. [9] This performance strengthened his popularity with the Yorkshire miners. Right click on the X and choose Properties. However, it can be argued that government preparations werent sufficient enough in order to bring down the miners. ",confirmDelete: "Are you sure you want to delete this? When you have a missing image on your site you may see a box on your page with with a red X where the image is missing. [1] Letwin, Shirley Robin. It can be argued that both Marxist and Mainstream Media view give credit to the fact that government preparations were a factor in the failure of the miners strike but they have opposing views on to what extent. . Therefore, Thatcher and her governments actions could have caused the failure of the strike but to what extent these actions can be justified is still widely argued. Another factor in the failure of the miners strike, in 1984, is government involvement. It is also possible that you have inadvertently deleted your document root or the your account may need to be recreated. Page 70. [57] Scargill supported the 2022 United Kingdom railway strike, joining an RMT picket line in Wakefield on 21 June 2022. Downing Street Years. Accessed January 06, 2019. http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/uk_politics/3503545.stm. Margaret Thatcher even described McGregor as lacking in guile as he was used to dealing with financial difficulties and hard bargaining and had no experience with dealing with trade union leaders[25]. Nothing good about it. [38], Film director Ken Loach subsequently made "The Arthur Legend" as part of Channel 4's Dispatches series. He stepped down from leadership of the NUM at the end of July 2002, to become the honorary president. Lawson takes an objective view of the events as his book was published in 1993 after a very public dispute with Thatcher where he eventually resigned. After the miners' strike in 1984, there were accusations that Arthur Scargill had misappropriated National Union of Mineworkers funds and that money which sh. (1983), Restructuring the employment relationship, Gallie, Duncan, Accessed January 06, 2019. https://www.theguardian.com/politics/2009/mar/07/arthur-scargill-miners-strike. However, they have conflicting views on to what extent these preparations were made in order to bring down the unions. The names of all incoming telephone callers are recorded on a central log. Page 151. [30] Lawson, Nigel. The issue of Scargills leadership is argued as the main reason that the miners strike failed. Therefore, without support from key groups such as the Nottinghamshire miners and the dock workers, the striking miners were isolated which may have led to the failure of the strike itself. This lack of support can be blamed on the leadership of Arthur Scargill; therefore, the leadership of Arthur Scargill is a more important factor in the failure of the miners strike in 1985. Arrow, 1994. Some scholars have concluded that Scargill's decisive tactical error was to substitute his famous flying picket for the holding of a national strike ballot. In this example the image file must be in public_html/cgi-sys/images/. I suggest to this Conference that we have coal mines with us but they did something about this problem: they closed them down. The striking miners didnt have the support of the Nottinghamshire miners, dock workers or even the Labour Party, including Neil Kinnock, and many historians believe that the strikes failure was down to the fact that it was so poorly supported; such as Eric Evans who takes the mainstream media view and believed the appearance of a much more conciliatory breakaway union representing the profitable East Midlands mining arealed to collapse of the strike[12] This we know to be true as the Nottinghamshire miners alone produced 25% of the Nations coal. Somerset: Routledge, 2018. An example of this is the NACODs strike whereby Ian McGregor ordered colliery overmen to cross violent picket lines if they were to get paid. In pictures: Arthur Scargill's legacy Mr Scargill's election as NUM president in 1981 had an electrifying effect on the union movement. He called for the cotton mills, steel plants and mines to be re-opened and that under EU rules, the government had not been able to subsidise the coal mines. [32] Benn, Tony. Uncategorized > the myth of workers' control arthur scargill. Amazingly the electorate resent being told they're either racist or stupid or both, if the remain campaign had been more mature in it's approach, almost certainly a different decision would have been reached. "Analysing the British miners' strike of 19845.". [14] The section under "staff procedures" details how Scargill monitored head office staff: Mr. Scargill's vendetta against Head Office staff has at times descended to the most puerile and paranoic [sic] levels. [37] Scargill reached an agreement to repay money to the NUM shortly after this. "Our communities are now just about dead on their feet." The strike started in Yorkshire in March . By not calling a National Ballot the strike rapidly gained support. Accessed October 11, 2018. (1998), Persistent link: https://www.econbiz.de/10000684676, Occasional papers in industrial relations. Arthur Scargill was in attendance but it was noteworthy (and significant) that he remained a peripheral figure being greeted by only a few of those attending. However, we have to be careful when using this source as evidence as Scargill may have been trying to justify his actions to save himself criticism. ", R.R. But Rule 43 said that a national strike can only be called if there was a ballot. [9] Scargill saw this strike as a turning point in the union's attitude to militancy.[10]. In fact, stocks were much higher[27]. How to find the correct spelling and folder, 404 Errors After Clicking WordPress Links, From the left-hand navigation menu in WordPress, click. Arthur Scargill, with his odd and sometimes monomaniacal-seeming habit of referring to himself in the third person, was in some ways a throwback to turn-of-the-century radicalism, a syndicalist . This Mainstream media view holds that the strike failed because of Scargills extreme beliefs and bad decisions. He was not addressed or greeted from the platform, though as Honorary Life President of the NUM it might be expected, as a courtesy if nothing else, that his presence would be acknowledged. Copyright 2003 - 2023 - UKEssays is a trading name of Business Bliss Consultants FZE, a company registered in United Arab Emirates. [29], In 1998, Scargill and his wife, Anne, separated.[30]. Page 158. The party was established in 1996 and is led by Arthur Scargill, a former Labour Party member and the former leader of the National Union of Mineworkers. [58][59] Scargill's appearance on the picket line was alluded to by Prime Minister Boris Johnson the next day at Prime Minister's Questions, accusing the Labour Party of "literally holding hands with Arthur Scargill". [8] Nigel Lawson, who takes a clear mainstream media view on the Miners strike and even admits the left-wing majority on the NUM executive insisted, however dubiously, that Rule 43 of the union allowed for a strike without a ballot[9] showing that although many people didnt agree with it, including him, it was actually permissible. Add the following snippet of code to the top of your .htaccess file: # BEGIN WordPress However, Scargill was well known for being a formidable organiser and conference-hall speaker[6]. Page 13. Scargill was born in Worsbrough Dale near Barnsley, West Riding of Yorkshire. He claimed that the government had a long-term strategy to destroy the industry by closing unprofitable pits, and that it listed pits it wanted to close each year. Like the onset of some cold glaucoma dimming away the world . A debate on workers' control. In any case, the will of the people has decided the UK will leave, we have even had a General Election over the matter. Milne explains how the strike was a last-ditch fight to defend jobs, mining communities and the NUM itself against a government prepared to bring into play unlimited resources and its entire panoply of coercive powers as and where necessary to break the union and its backbone of support[22]. The Making of Neil Kinnock. Page 39. The .htaccess file contains directives (instructions) that tell the server how to behave in certain scenarios and directly affect how your website functions. Scargill subsequently decided to move to Sheffield, and said that he had spoken to each member of staff to ask them to move to Sheffield. Put the custom structure back if you had one. [9] When Bullough (unwell at the time) attempted to rule Scargill as "out of order", he was voted out by the area's delegates and a strike was declared across Yorkshire on the issue. RewriteRule ^index.php$ - [L] Page 161. Harpercollins Publishers, 2012. In 1961, Scargill was elected a member of the Woolley NUM Branch Committee. On platforms that enforce case-sensitivity PNG and png are not the same locations. Accessed October 10, 2018. https://www.imdb.com/title/tt3815426/. The Socialist Labour Party ( SLP) is a socialist political party in the United Kingdom. Atvery lease Mr Scargill was a leader of man and lead them unlike our current prime minister who couldn't lead a pack of sheep out of a field even though he resemble one. Thatcher, herself, advances this view in her memoirs The Downing Street Years and echoed by many other Thatcherites such as Nigel Lawson, Shirley Letwin and historians such as John Campbell. Therefore, when considering both sources, Letwins Thatcherite view isnt very convincing as the argument that the failure of the miners strike was due to Scargills bad leadership is based on factors out of his control like the timing of the strike and accusations that havent been proven. That is what we need to remember these days when we think of Scargill. Yet he still gives credit to Thatcher and her government for their actions during the strike which legitimises his view. Arthur Wakefield, a striking miner, presents the Marxist view that the failure of the strike couldnt have been down to the lack of support and instead must have been due to other factors. Therefore, the argument that the government limited its role to upholding law and order in the dispute is faulty as many of the people who were downplaying the governments actions are known Thatcherites and consequently had ulterior motives. The View from No. For addon domains, the file must be in public_html/addondomain.com/example/Example/ and the names are case-sensitive. Barnsley: Wharncliffe, 2002. Scargill said himself that the real reason that the NUM areas such as Nottinghamshire, South Derbyshire and Leicestershire wanted a national strike ballot was that they wanted the strike called off, believing naively that their pits were safe[7]. Thatcher disregarded how much of an impact the WAPC would have on the strike as many of the striking ladies figured out that if they went out picketing then they would less likely be targeted by police. Scargill was involved in a High Court case in 1978 that set a precedent in UK labour law, known as Roebuck v NUM (Yorkshire Area) No 2. London: Verso, 2014. Thats why he can write one third of the worlds workers those who live in the Stalinist states out of the class struggle, allotting them no role but to support their socialist rulers. Accessed January 06, 2019. http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/uk_politics/3503545.stm. Andrew Marr is one of many historians who support this view and believed that The Nottinghamshire miners turned out to be critical. So that was my initial introduction into socialism and into political militancy. Scargill recalled how after becoming a miner, the poor working conditions and "people who should never have been working, having to work to live on that first day I promised myself I would try one day to get things changed". Redirects and rewriting URLs are two very common directives found in a .htaccess file, and many scripts such as WordPress, Drupal, Joomla and Magento add directives to the .htaccess so those scripts can function. On any measure, Scargill was a failure who brought hardship down on those who followed him, now a pitiful figure. A History of Modern Britain. This is because had the NUM come out nationally in favour of the strike, Nottinghamshire area would have won permission for its own ballot and remained at work. [25] Thatcher, Margaret. He gained fame for using the tactic to win the Battle of Saltley Gate in 1972, and made it his main tactical device in the 1984 strike. [47], In 1996, Scargill founded the Socialist Labour Party after the Labour Party abandoned the original wording of Clause IV advocating the public democratic ownership[48] of key industries and utilities from their constitution. Scargill also cleverly manipulated the NUM rule book creating a serious constitutional debate. He is best known for leading the UK miners' strike (1984-85), a major event in the history of the British labour movement. However, he does give credit to the harsh tactics taken by the miners that may have cut out any support for the Nottinghamshire miners; The only legitimate question that may be raised about the tactics of the NUM nationally was whether the Yorkshire miners, by picketing Nottinghamshire so early and so vigorously, alienated those they were seeking to influence. Carrying the Fire in The Road T he dystopian world of Cormac McCarthy's The Road is best summarized by the following lines from the novella: "Nights dark beyond darkness and the days more gray each one than what had gone before. He also stated regarding Brexit that "we should just invoke the first clause of Article 50 and that means we could leave the EU tomorrow". Without their support, victory for the miners looked uncertain as they were the best paid, with better conditions promised by Thatcher[13]. This only reinforces the idea that it was Scargills decision not to call a ballot that lost him valuable support. Accessed October 11, 2018. https://www.theguardian.com/theguardian/2000/jan/07/guardianletters4. jQuery(function() { Exciting, witty Arthur Scargill brought coalmining to a close in Britain far faster than would have happened had the NUM been led by some prevaricating, dreary old-style union hack. The view that the failure to call a National Ballot, by Scargill, cost him valuable support is advocated by Shirley Letwin; Nor did he bother to abide by his own unions rules which required that a strike shall be entered upon as the result of a ballot vote of the members.[1] This led to the miners losing the support of many, including Labour Partys- Neil Kinnock, who felt emotionally disposed to support the miners but aware that it would be political suicide to do so[2]. [19] The NUM had previously held three ballots on a national strike, all of which rejected the proposal: 55% voted against in January 1982, and 61% voted against in both October 1982 and March 1983.[20]. The Anatomy of Thatcherism. Scargill led the union in the 19841985 miners' strike. Please click on a checkbox next to an item and try again. Therefore, this portrays the feelings of the majority of the miners who were on strike as they realised that this lack of support could determine the outcome of the strike. He was a destructive force, in the Labour Party, and in the NUM. This is portrayed by Kenneth OMorgan, who takes a clear mainstream media view. I really do not care what you think of Mr Scargill today, where elseis a man supposed to go after he was betrayed by the system and vilified by the media to agullible population, a media that was run by the government of the day. He was also on the hard-left of the Labour Party, often disagreeing with Neil Kinnock who couldnt support the strike due to its illegitimacy after Scargills failure to call a ballot. This was denied by the government at the time, although papers released in 2014 under the thirty-year rule suggest that Scargill was right. Happily, his saintly wife spent her time, during his period of madness, doing all she could to bring practical help and comfort to the hardest hit families. On the other hand, the Marxist/Left Wing view suggests that the strike was part of Thatchers wider attack on political consensus and suggest that the miners could have won the strike had it not been for the concerted, illegal government campaign to smash the miners union, something they had been planning for some time. This view is supported to some extent by Labour minister Tony Benn, one of Thatchers fiercest critics, and historian, Seumas Milne who argued that the governments extensive preparations and actions during the strike led to its failure in 1984. [23] BATTLE FOR BRITAIN; on the 25th Anniversary of the Miners Strike, NORMAN TEBBIT Reveals Why He Believes Defeat Would Have Been the Death of Democracy. Daily Mail (London), March 6, 2009. Another important factor in the failure of the miners strike was Thatcher and her governments actions during the strike such as using the police force. The Essay Writing ExpertsUK Essay Experts. [7], Scargill became involved in the Yorkshire Left, a group of left-wing activists involved in the Yorkshire region of the NUM, its largest region. He lost on both occasions, winning 2.4% of the vote in Hartlepool at the 2001 general election. Arthur Scargill, the former leader of the National Union of Mineworkers (NUM), addressed a rally Saturday outside Sheffield railway station in support of the railworkers' strike. [60][61], London Assembly elections (entire London city). Scargill, Arthur (1938- ) English trade union leader. He was the President of the National Union of Mineworkers (NUM) from 1981 to 2002 and has served as leader of the Socialist Labour Party, a political party he founded, since 1996. (1978), CONTESTING THE MARKET: PAY EQUITY AND THE POLITICS OF ECONOMIC RESTRUCTURING, Eigart, Deborah M., you only have to look at the current state of our country after Cov19torealise that we have noindustry left! Downing Street Years. Was this national or local? However, the people that argue this are clear Thatcherites such as Shirley Letwin, John Campbell and even Thatcher herself who blamed Scargill for the violence at the picket line mass pickets led by Arthur Scargill forced the closure of the Saltley Coke Depot in Birmingham[44] contradicting this, Seumas Milne who takes a clear Marxist view that the standard fairy tale, still routinely recycled by media and politicians alike, has it that Scargill called the action in spring in a classic example of his poor generalship and tactical sense[45]. Page 164. He has contested two parliamentary elections. Page 414. # End WordPress. EconBiz.Logger.enable_visibilityState_tracking(); I was for the EU then, and was critical of this stance, but I I then came to the out view, albeit for different reasons.l, and was fully behind Brexit. However, Evans fails to mention how campaigning in Nottinghamshire was successful and how the pickets won over many workers until the police eventually intervened. The Enemy Within: The Secret War against the Miners. ",viewBookBag: "View clipboard",addBookBag: "Add to clipboard",removeBookBag: "Remove from clipboard",itemsAddBag: "item(s) added to your clipboard",itemsInBag: "item(s) are either already in your clipboard or could not be added",bookbagMax: "100",bookbagFull: "Your clipboard is Full",bookbagStatusFull: "Full",no_tags: "No Tags"}; Back in 1983 (even before the great miners strike) the forunner of Solidarity (Socialist Organiser) condemned Scargills attacks on the independent Polish union movement Solidarnosc, but also identified the root cause of Scargills tragic error (nationalism) and denounced the hypocrisy of many of his critics within the labour movement: Its no news that Scargill has a scandalous attitude to Solidarnosc. [9] At the subsequent enquiry, he used notebooks of underground working from the 19th century, retrieved from the Institute of Geological Sciences in Leeds, to argue that the National Coal Board could have prevented the disaster had they acted on the information available. We also remember his relatively principled role within the UK labour movement of the 1970s and 80s. Page 18. "[40] Scargill complained to the Advertising Standards Authority who criticised the advertisement as "highly distasteful". [14] Benn, Tony. The End of an Era Diaries 1980-90. his position on freedom movements In communist states such as Poland, was unforgivable He is rightly labelled a Stalinist, along with Corbyn. Scargill had condemned the killing at the time. S.l. At the risk of paraphrasing, Karl Marx once wrote that the great figures of history appear first as tragedy and then as farce. [18] Still the Enemy Within (2014). IMDb. The strike was called under Rule 41 of the NUM rule book, which said that local strikes can be made official by the National Executive without a ballot. Eric Evans described him as aggressive and charismatic, but vain and politically limited[42], therefore showing his limitations as the head of NCB. They closed them down the advertisement as `` highly distasteful '' OMorgan, takes... Kinnock even compared Scargill with a general who wanted another Gallipoli [ 3 ] action that Thatcher was. ] still the Enemy Within: the Secret War against the miners 1958, he attended the World militancy. Still gives credit to Thatcher and her government for their actions during the failed! Great figures of history appear first as tragedy and then as farce the Woolley NUM Branch.... Eec/Eu, his anti- stance was in keeping with Labour Party Policy same locations Scargill was elected member. 2004 ) `` Al Richardson ( 19412003 ): an Appreciation '', Howell. 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In all times and places Channel 4 's Dispatches series still gives credit to Thatcher her. Not the same locations 06, 2019. https: //www.econbiz.de/10000684676, Occasional papers industrial..., you have inadvertently deleted your document root or the your account may need to critical! Started in Yorkshire in March and his wife, Anne, separated. [ 30 ] `` the arthur ''... Is argued as the main reason that the great figures of history appear first tragedy. Him, now a pitiful figure Policy and Terms & Conditions Anne, separated. 30... ^Index.Php $ - [ L ] Page 161 union 's attitude to militancy. [ 10 ] attended the Federation! Deleted your document root or the your account may need to be critical order to bring down the Unions //www.theguardian.com/politics/2009/mar/07/arthur-scargill-miners-strike. Feet. & quot ; the myth of workers & # x27 ; control for manslaughter appeal... Risk of paraphrasing, Karl Marx once wrote that the strike of 19845..... ( entire London city ) recorded on a checkbox next to an item and try.... Trade Unions youth congress in Prague stepped down from leadership of the vote in Hartlepool at the general... Still the Enemy Within ( 2014 ) Michael Crick, Scargill and wife!: the Secret War against the miners Within: the Secret War against the miners arthur... This example the image file must be in public_html/cgi-sys/images/ all times and places this is portrayed by OMorgan... In March political militancy. [ 30 ] ] Page 161 an and. Be called if there was a failure who brought hardship down on those who followed him now... Controversial action that Thatcher took was giving the police ultimate power during the strike rapidly gained support that enforce PNG... ( 1985 ) have inadvertently deleted your document root or the your account may need to remember these days we. With a general who wanted another Gallipoli [ 3 ] Assembly elections ( London... Shortly after this that government preparations werent sufficient enough in order to down!, Restructuring the employment relationship, Gallie, Duncan, Accessed January 06, 2019. https: //www.theguardian.com/politics/2009/mar/07/arthur-scargill-miners-strike by... And Terms & Conditions near Barnsley, West Riding of Yorkshire introduction into socialism and political... Of Channel 4 's Dispatches series same locations of trade Unions youth congress Prague. Suggest to this Conference that we have coal mines with us but they did something this! That enforce case-sensitivity PNG and PNG are not the same locations times and places Branch.
the myth of workers' control arthur scargill
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