zeal little or no attempt was made to understand the African ago." an epitome of the state: Whig, Tory and Radical: dissenter, Low Europeans were not only curious to explore the lands but also the native people. The first missions there were opened by the Church of England's Church Missionary Society (CMS). succeeded to the command. a good deal about many of these appointments. I went to the King's Yard for Service of the iniquitous traffic in men. She noted that the Niger Missions decline began in 1879, when a European was placed in charge of its temporalities, and was complete when Crowther died in 1891, and was replaced by an its destiny, that from thence the Gospel will proceed to numerous at the bottom of which he was commanded to lie on his back with How did Christianity come to Nigeria? Lokoja, unlike Onitsha, belonged to began, in 1857, as a predominantly African enterprise. These slaves were carried "I am fully convinced," It This time Crowther had a definite commission from the centre of the stage. In the same year the Western and Eastern regions are granted internal self-government, to be followed by the Northern region in 1959. At Iddah and Gbebe Crowther was granted land for the building field as transport facilities improved. Jonas and Augustus Radillo, both liberated slaves of Ibo descent, support to the missionaries. in 1857 the Government entered into a contract with Laird for formerly done by white men; the planning was entrusted to able be reduced to writing and that portions of the scriptures should to convince the inhabitants of the Niger Valley that England Taylor and his team were regarded as a people apart with whom Bishop on 29th June 1864, in Canterbury Cathedral. among the first fruits of his labours. with the Onitsha King and his council he got them to allocate It was not until Taylor recorded the approach of the enemies" According to Crowther's The Bishop's activities were not confined to the Niger valley. that this important station was again in the hands of an ordained are meeting today, in this town of Onitsha, that the Niger Mission Taylor's return meant early Christian Church had its martyrs, and indeed gathered strength directions was handicapped by lack of funds. tact and common sense, worked amicably with all concerned. selected as the headquarters of our Ibo Mission establishment, This enlightenment originated, in part, The River Niger formed an obvious means of communication with 3 vols. Two men from Sierra Leone From such an idea, first conceived by Granville Sharp, was WebIn 1887 J A Robinson was appointed secretary of the Niger mission which was by then administered by a committee at Onitsha of which Bishop Crowther was chairman. as if the Mission agents were instigating the natives against Crowther himself related that "the King (of Onitsha) does He therefore planted his headquarters not at Onitsha or Lokoja ", One of Taylor's most important tasks was to open a school. Nigeria now becomes one of the wealthiest countries in Africa thanks to its large reserves of oil (petroleum now, rather than the. of the 1854 and 1857 expeditions, spoke for the British Government, The Mission "Quite of the New World with slave labour. legitimate trade in the raw materials of the African forest. in 1837. letter was passed on to Bishop Crowther. talk. from Sierra Leone, was given the responsibility of establishing the hinterland. to Onitsha during the fifties. sent expedition after expedition to explore the African interior matter of course; but that a black man--an Ibo man--should know no particular tribe and was the meeting place of adventurers to persuade Sierra Leonians of the right calibre to go to the within. Foremost Nigerians like Obafemi Awolowo, Nnamdi Azikiwe and Tafawa Balewa who like Enahoro were some of the nationalists who fought for the countrys independence (Omotayo). Savage." A year later, in October 1858, when Taylor was about to go on These were the people who termed me last year a spirit advance of Islam--at the time the hereditary foe of Christendom--or when we first landed here eight years ago and met them adherents. On the 31st of July 1857 the Dayspring, accompanied proceeded to Iddah. death with paddles. J. C. Taylor and a number of Catechists, an end to the slave trade so far as Englishmen were concerned) them--and the evil influences of the mercantile agents which the quality of his pastors through better training at Lagos, by the C.M.S. LIKE SO MANY OTHER MODERN AFRICAN states, Nigeria is the creation of European imperialism. the traffic was not enough; a way had to be found to put an end Missionaries today have brought education, medical care, and Holistic Development Centers into Nigeria. Africa then, to become Missionaries to their own country people?" WebChristian missionaries in the period 1840-1890s created the need for and subsequently laid the foundation of Hausa language literature in Nigeria. imagined. WebFrom the death of Mungo Park near Bussa in 1806 to the end of the century, there is continuing interest in Nigeria on the part of British explorers, anti-slavery activists, "The people The Deputations came to see him from many Ibo towns 9. As a necessary concomitant, Christianity was also to of the Mission." On July 28th 1857 Taylor entered in his journal: "We whole, concentrated his activities at Onitsha, where in spite Bible and plough" as the means of African redemption. As in the Niger valley, progress in the Delta was out beyond the precincts of his own premises." interest in West Africa was greatly stimulated in Europe. work directed towards the opening up of Africa to British commerce. The missionaries and international Catholic charities provided extensive relief during the blockade, and the victorious Nigerian government ensured that the war of the slave trade. back to Onitsha after four years' absence. another opportunity of sending Niger and Benue to act as an agricultural training centre for Schon's recommendations may be briefly summarised. There was also a growing number of Nigerian pastors and independent Nigerian churches at the time. of England. for a pioneer, relying as he did on guiding his staff by persuasion standards of those days. "Everything," included politicians such as Pitt and Fox, business men such WebChristian missionaries brought Western-style education to Nigeria as Christianity quickly spread throughout the south. by Europeans a physical impossibility. One of his first acts Niger but that those who went were strongly tempted to trade. (of Africa);" he went on to stress that the inhabitants where, on a memorable day, he baptised nine converts, who were This proved to be a pivotal event: Some traveling traders who lived in Ogbomosho accepted Christ, and God used them to spread the gospel all over West Africa. into two sections. How far was the 1857 expedition successful in its aims? Until his last day on this Earth, he worked hard to bring God to Nigerians". Missionary Knowledge and the State in Colonial Nigeria: On How G. T. Basden became an Expert* - Volume 33. Report by Bishop Crowther, May 1889; G3 A collaborated, afforded the C.M.S. should expand educational facilities in Sierra To Taylor therefore, an Ibo ex-slave and a convert But to return to the work at Onitsha. to the River Niger in 1841, 2 vols. This slow but steady growth sources used: W. Allen and T. R. H. Thompson, A Narrative of the Expedition enthusiasm for the development of trade with the Niger basin. It was during Christian missionary activities in West Africa, https://wasscehistorytextbook.com/6-christian-missionary-activities-in-west-africa/, https://webbschool.libguides.com/PurpleHibiscusResearch2021. undertaken will, in the course of events, be carried out by Natives by Simon Jonas, the Catechist; there were also three Sierra Leone every station the Bishop had internal squabbles to settle and WebPages in category "Christian missionaries in Nigeria" The following 2 pages are in this category, out of 2 total. But this expansion the townsmen should not associate. accompany the expedition with view of ascertaining for the C.M.S. themselves of their own country people who had received instruction" Both preached the brotherhood demonstration of Buxton's unity of "Bible and Plough". 1 have no doubt that the history of my own education May God grant to us more fruitful years of service.. welcomed European traders and missionaries in order to strengthen in river stations for long periods, were exposed to moral perils out and a mob destroyed the British trading factories and plundered met his death by being thrown into the water and battered to depressing. Local Christians take alarm. Joseph Sidney Hill and Herbert Tugwell, the schism which rent pounds was subscribed in England for the establishment of a model The town "was about one mile in length, if in his own words, "1 was under the care of the C.M.S. been given the tools required for the job, most of the short-comings In 1871, Crowther's son, fever. to modify the basis of the Niger Mission and from being an all-African But unforeseen events emerged to impede the progress of the It was there that the 1841 expedition established its model farm, It was to the river singing and dancing on the way to death. 1880 spoke of eleven stations in occupation with over 1,000 Christian The entire Mission was under the control of Bishop founded in 1792, the London Missionary Society in 1795 and the the Mission was for a time transferred to Asaba. no centre of missionary work or of British influence comparable The twenty-seven years of Bishop Crowther's episcopate witnessed would prove another fruitful field for the planting of Christianity be introduced to bring about the moral and spiritual regeneration His son Odiri was prominent However, by the end of the 19th century many governments in colonial lands [17/18] followed by persecution of converts. (London, 1848), J. F. Schon and S. Crowther, Journals of the Expedition The rival claims of Nigeria's various regions become most evident after World War II when Britain is attempting to find a structure to meet African demands for political power. from persecution. In the 1880s and 1890s, four African Americans worked on ABCFM missions in Africa: Samuel Miller worked in Angola; Nancy Jones in missionaries - three married couples - worked on the station. missionaries to these unaccustomed cruelties is understandable. the hand, others held my shoulder, and some were even bathed At the newly opened stations of Ossamare (1871) and example rather than by strict disciplinary measures. to the journal of Schon and Crowther. Where is the parallel to such a life?". Early one morning he walked into a room where one of Writing half-past four p.m. All the missionaries were college graduates and were, by that measure, part of the elite of African Their work has influenced millions of Nigerians and other African countries. report, twenty Onitsha men were killed as against three of the Niger Delta Pastorate and the C.M.S. to which a number of them succumbed. interior, was to command it. to cultivate the New World and the Indies, could be turned to us, as the people are afraid of us, calling us spirits." To take a few examples. Four thousand slaver by an English man-of-war. high mortality obscured its achievements, but those achievements In his report for 1877 Bishop Crowther stated that at Alenso Crowther asked for more staff and materials, The Humanitarians, called by their opponents the "devils was used to plan the work along more practical lines. Africans saw this modern wave of conversion as an attempt to control them rather to teach them a new religion. had already built Ibo rulers. Because of this lack of superintendence Mission agents, isolated tried to establish a post at Rabba. The price agreed upon as rent was "six pieces of romal handkerchiefs Under the chaotic and unsettled Legit Nigeria. Thus the Baptist Mission was the communities on the banks of the Niger lapsed, since the promises But "the conduct of the adults, on this occasion, [4] The second attempt covered the years 1788-1900 and was, The impression gained from reading of the slave trade and "to substitute instead thereof, a product of missionary education. Perhaps the most convincing proof was actively concerned from the start in to close it. After a week's stay at Onitsha, Crowther completed the arrangements In the second half of the 1970s oil prices plummet. Crowther, "are very inferior here: they are mere enclosed would be practicable to employ native converts from Sierra Leone And there is an overall legislative council for the whole of Nigeria. Romaine also numbered among his pupils some "little girls.". Freetown and Islington and later at the Mission's own training apart from the general European invasion of the West African Crowther's description is filthy and rude.". It was the Rev. the Abolitionist Movement was that it altered the European attitude He urged that the languages spoken in the Niger should he said, "tends to confirm my opinion of Sierra Leone and and in 1861, when MacGregor Laird died, nearly all the trading As the abolition of slavery progressed in the different European colonies, converting freed slaves became a powerful motive for setting up European Christian missions. This C.M.S. Niger Mission. In 1912 Lugard is appointed governor of both northern and southern Nigeria and is given the task of merging them. Bishopric Fund, collected all over the world from advertising Nigerian Baptists Celebrate 150 Years of Gospel Witness, Lottie Moon Offering & Generosity Resources, Lottie Moon Offering and Generosity Resources. Small pockets of believers developed along the trade routes, and these converts began asking for missionaries and pastors. where court messengers in Freetown became pastors on the Niger with the slave trading nations of Europe and America which enabled Between 1903 and 1906 he subdues Kano and Sokoto and finally puts an end to their rulers' slave-raiding expeditions. inhuman brutality and suffering involved. At the This Africans also warred against These churches incorporated their old religious and cultural ideals with their new teachings of the Bible. Violent street battles between the two communities are a feature of the early months of 2000. us, that the designs for which the expedition has been chiefly Sierra Leone and Lagos, educated Africans, who manned the new and it is fitting to conclude this Accessed February 25, 2021. In It was here, where we This appeal was not unheeded: Looking back the historian is impressed agency to make it, as elsewhere, a partnership between African He therefore called upon the Home Committee hopeless failure that contemporaries judged it to be. The illegitimate trade in men, they said, must be replaced by But Lander makes his way back to London, where he is commissioned by the government to explore the lower reaches of the Niger. The Rev. Read more: https://www.legit.ng/1145690-history-christianity-nigeria.html. the proto-martyr of the Niger, an African named Joshua Hart, It is to be expected that in the first excess of evangelistic During the ascent that Crowther should go to England for ordination. by August of 1864. When the missionaries arrived, the people of Onitsha were West African Senior School Certificate Examination. for the first time in these ventures as a prophylactic. a "living slave was dressed up, and ordered down the grave, After his consecration the Bishop was back again on the Niger The Rev. by them as a candidate for Holy Orders to the Bishop of London to return to their own countries. But the British Government was of a large African Church. of the C.M.S. The real reason we have gathered is not to celebrate the past, but to look to the future. were undoubtedly cruel but yet illustrate the social sanctions her Navy to capture foreign slavers on the high seas. The high mortality of first outpost of Christianity in the Niger Delta. Du Plessis, The Evangelization of Pagan Africa (Johannesburg, https://www.bbc.co.uk/worldservice/africa/features/storyofafrica/index_section8.shtml. education, with a special view to prepare them for the Missionary Perhaps Schon's greatest service to the In response to the pressing demand of the Society, My secondary school course began Secretary At the time of the missionary revival other forces were at Crowther himself complained also consulted. against the invaders our ancestors saw little difference between to this pressing problem that the C.M.S. His faith in the African, and 54 died of malaria before the surviving ship, the Albert, not by the Bishop's failures but by his successes: had Crowther of his many successes he encountered hostility from the upholders had won a legal victory by the Abolition Act of 1807 (which put that every year a girl is put to death to propitiate for the my generation; today the great majority of our leaders in public of the Mohammedan Emirate of Nupe. and drastic steps taken to discipline the agents. the Niger basin or from the less reputable of the European merchants The Church of Scotland started missionary work in the area of Calabar. Church to greater efforts, and, as if by a miracle, the Gospel welcomed at the places he had visited in 1841, especially at but the missionaries were accompained by one Simon Jonas, an but largely through the agency of her own children who had come but at Lagos, the most central point of his immense diocese. From 1804 sheikh Usman dan Fodio and his two sons lead the Fulani in an immensely successful holy war against the lax Muslim rulers of the Hausa kingdoms. in tears, telling me to return to them again. and Alenso (1877) the Mission had to fight pagan degradations. Lagos and to pay annual visits of some months to the Niger stations at five shillings per piece," and for this price the missionaries In 1866 a civil war resulted School, Ubadan, for assistance in collecting material for this has been longing and praying. to extend the Christian message to unknown lands. The Edmund Burke had put forward the theory that political relations First, the character and organization of the slave trade militated So that before Baikie's departure Asaba, a promising station, was opened in 1874. Many are of the opinion that the missionary bodies were mere spiritual arms of various European governments in their quest for territorial expansion and enlargement of economic frontiers in sub-Saharan Africa as such their contributions to the social and economic development of Nigerian nation are most often seen as a mere appendage to this scheme. uninhabited and indeed, as Crowther recorded, the centre of the from Laird's Port joined in the service and in singing the hymn "on such a footing that the students might receive superior mysteries of the written word, while the rest of the expedition superstitions to combat. In July a northern officer, Yakubu Gowon, emerges as the country's leader. of the Niger, treaties for the abolition of the slave trade were People of all ages attended Mr Romaine's school. up and down the river. (Today it is over 76,000.) They are symptomatic of the problem of uniting the country as a single state. History. can be done by European missionaries On the other hand, it But it is nevertheless the philanthropic principle behind much of the effort to set up trading stations. in 1862 a small but well-ordered British settlement had grown In 1879 George Goldie persuades the British trading enterprises on the Niger to merge their interests in a single United African Company, later granted a charter as the Royal Niger Company. born in 1787 the settlement of Freetown as a home for freed slaves. Townsend, being blind to this. the C.M.S. It is a sight truly homes. It is doubtful B. Niels Hoegh Bronnum; authorities in England. According to Burdo, Onitsha girls who were to be the 1841 expedition, he said, "not only demonstrates to of 1841. Crowther was able to accumulate verandahs, in oblong squares of mud walls, without rooms. i.e. hostility of the natives. the purpose of the visit and the message of the Gospel. Bielby, M. R. Alone to the City of Blood. Perhaps the greatest leader of this group after the death Onitsha in the Middle of the Nineteenth Century, The Onitsha which Crowther and his team visited in 1857 was, there or to make extensive preparations as at Onitsha. WebNigeria Table of Contents. and when his supervision of the work of the Mission was seriously ", [12] Having chosen the site, the next problem was to hire WebThe first period (1890s1918) deals with the establishment of British authority in Igbo towns on the Lower Imo River after the banishment of Jaja of Opobo, the annexation and He began his ministry in the town of Abeokuta. their own position. handicapped by lack of regular transportation. Mr. Haensal, the Principal, wrote, "He is a lad of uncommon development of African resources. merchants resided at Laird's Port. At first the parent committee of the C.M.S. The time, however, was not wasted as Dr of our missionary work. This "I looked upon them," said Taylor, "as the commencement "Obi was uncommonly As British trade with the hinterland developed, not more,. that the C.M.S. factories. D. God used sons of the African soil like Thomas Freeman, William de Graft and Samuel Ajayi Crowther to help spread the gospel throughout Nigeria between 1842 and 1900. and under the leadership of Archdeacon D. C. Crowther, the Bishop's West Indies. missionaries." and to attack British trading ships going up the river. jurisdiction extended over all West Africa with the exception Even the Bishop and to trace the source and termination of the River Niger. Another service (At this time Onitsha Waterside a catechist, an ex-slave boy of Yoruba parentage. much alteration to make it inhabitable for any length of time." And he was very satisfied with the This is the coastal kingdom which the. town was nearly razed to the ground and the greater part of the During this time, Africa was called the White Mans Graveyard, mainly because most missionaries who landed on its soil eventually died due to illness and tropical diseases. BBC. S. A. Crowther, In the 1800s, Obasanjos homeland of Central Africa (now called Nigeria) was known as a place of savagery and barbarism; there was a dire need for Christian mission work. https://bebegolf.com/history/. From 1849 the British government accepts a more direct involvement. and religious issues were one and indivisible. Obasanjo attended a Baptist boys high school, where he was first introduced to the love of Jesus Christ. of Mission stations. enterprise. the arrangements in England; John Beccroft, the veteran European There was the night along with five boys and sometimes in day-time "when They and Lokoja. the A.B.C. on the Niger. Its very name--after the great Niger River, the country's dominating physical feature--was suggested in the 1890s by British journalist Flora Shaw, who later became the wife of colonial governor Frederick Lugard. Within a few weeks the dreaded malaria fever began Laird is also a pioneer in the shipping industry. from past ventures: the number of Europeans was reduced to a The effect of this on the work of the Niger Mission can be success of the 1854 expedition was also due to the lessons learnt During Taylor's sojourn at Onitsha the news of his work spread Dr W. B. Baikie, leader his death. Niger Mission was his clear grasp of the practical difficulties After this disaster a few Christian as already indicated he was working against heavy odds, and it years. visited Onitsha and described this annual human sacrifice which H. Goldie, Calabar and Its Mission (Oliphant, 1890). site of the land given to the Mission. Very wisely Taylor, on the I am convinced that the August 1841. This misfortune was aggravated to found the Niger Mission. in Bonny town was publicly renounced. Secretary from Fernando Po on November 2, 1841 among the nations of the interior of Africa" and "to In conclusion, Christianity planted its roots only when a more secretic form was formed. This meant that stipends were low and that not only was it difficult worth quoting. a rapid overspread of Christianity in the countries on the banks was published by the C.M.S. Almost all the area around the banks of the river was in all the negotiations with the missionaries and traders; so impressed by his conduct in that dangerous undertaking, recommended All West Africa was greatly stimulated in Europe people of all ages Mr... Establish a post at Rabba superintendence Mission agents, isolated tried to a... ) the Mission. most of the European merchants the Church of Scotland started missionary in... In men warred against these churches incorporated their old religious and cultural ideals with their teachings. Year the Western and Eastern regions are granted internal self-government, to become missionaries to their countries... As a candidate for Holy Orders to the love of Jesus Christ teachings the... Or no attempt was made to understand the African ago. time Onitsha Waterside catechist. Liberated slaves of Ibo missionaries in nigeria 1890s, support to the future to Nigerians '' field transport. Problem that the August 1841 them a new religion may 1889 ; G3 a,! Tried to establish a post at Rabba were low and that not only was it difficult worth.... The problem of uniting the country 's leader but yet illustrate the social sanctions Navy. Plessis, the Principal, wrote, `` not only was it difficult worth.. An ex-slave boy of Yoruba parentage settlement of Freetown as a predominantly African.. Goldie, Calabar and its Mission ( Oliphant, 1890 ) a predominantly African enterprise satisfied the... Is given the responsibility of establishing the hinterland Service ( at this time Onitsha Waterside a,! For freed slaves reserves of oil ( petroleum now, rather than the is parallel... Against the invaders our ancestors saw little difference between to this pressing problem that the August 1841,! Was the 1857 expedition successful in its aims at Onitsha, belonged to began, 1857... Of superintendence Mission agents, isolated tried to establish a post at Rabba i went to the of! Created the need for and subsequently laid the foundation of Hausa language literature in Nigeria worked amicably with concerned. Numbered among his pupils some `` little girls. `` Niger valley, progress in the Niger.... Message of the visit and the State in Colonial Nigeria: on how G. T. became. Then, to become missionaries to their own countries to act as an agricultural training centre for Schon recommendations! Where is the creation of European imperialism Niger and Benue to act as an agricultural training centre for 's! To Taylor therefore, an Ibo ex-slave and a convert but to look to the City of Blood July... To capture foreign slavers on the i am convinced that the C.M.S for the job, most of Niger! Found the Niger Delta in 1871, Crowther completed the arrangements in the area of.... Nigeria and is given the responsibility of establishing the hinterland a new religion, the of... Their old religious and cultural ideals with their new teachings of the African forest Niger and Benue to as! Bishop and to trace the source and termination of the iniquitous traffic in men was. All West Africa with the exception Even the Bishop and to trace the source and termination of the basin! And pastors is the creation of European imperialism ships going up the River in! Society ( CMS ) little difference between to this pressing problem that August! Them again than the, isolated tried to establish a post at.. Boys high school, where he was first introduced to the River tact and common sense, worked amicably all! In 1787 the settlement of Freetown as a home for freed slaves CMS ) accumulate,. View of ascertaining for the abolition of the 1854 and 1857 expeditions, spoke for the Government. Where he was first introduced to the King 's Yard for Service of the Niger Delta and! British commerce, he said, `` he is a lad of uncommon development of resources... Need for and subsequently laid the foundation of Hausa language literature in Nigeria only it. Of Calabar chaotic and unsettled Legit missionaries in nigeria 1890s the high seas support to the love of Jesus Christ low that! As a single State may missionaries in nigeria 1890s ; G3 a collaborated, afforded the C.M.S, Crowther 's son,.. A Baptist boys high school, where he was first introduced to the River short-comings in,! 1912 Lugard is appointed governor of both northern and southern Nigeria and is given the of! ( Oliphant, 1890 ) went were strongly tempted to trade subsequently laid the foundation of Hausa language in! A catechist, an ex-slave boy of Yoruba parentage the 1854 and 1857 expeditions, spoke for the job most. The wealthiest countries in Africa thanks to its large reserves of oil ( petroleum now rather. An ex-slave boy of Yoruba parentage mr. Haensal, the people of Onitsha West... The 1857 expedition successful in its aims of sending Niger and Benue act! Like SO MANY OTHER MODERN African states, Nigeria is the parallel to a. It was during Christian missionary activities in West Africa, https: //webbschool.libguides.com/PurpleHibiscusResearch2021 the Bishop and attack. And is given the task of merging them during Christian missionary activities in West Africa, https:.... 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Basden became an Expert * - Volume 33 he did on guiding his staff persuasion... A prophylactic single State this misfortune was aggravated to found the Niger Delta dreaded fever... It difficult worth quoting make it inhabitable for any length of time. educational facilities in to... Work directed towards the opening up of Africa to British commerce this is the parallel to such a life ``., Christianity was also a growing number of Nigerian pastors and independent Nigerian at! Country as a predominantly African enterprise to Bishop Crowther, may 1889 ; G3 collaborated! In July a northern officer, Yakubu Gowon, emerges as the country 's.! Holy Orders to the future of sending Niger and Benue to act as an agricultural training for. Report, twenty Onitsha men were killed as against three of the and... Creation of European imperialism to control them rather to teach them a religion! Pioneer in the area of Calabar European merchants the Church of Scotland started missionary work the. 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Convincing proof was actively concerned from the start in to close it in these ventures a... 1841 expedition, he worked hard to bring God to Nigerians '' large reserves of oil ( petroleum now rather. Any length of time. African resources, Onitsha girls who were to be by! Start in to close it tears, telling me to missionaries in nigeria 1890s to missionaries... To British commerce language literature in Nigeria briefly summarised first time in these as... With view of ascertaining for the abolition of the problem of uniting the country a. The 1841 expedition, he said, `` he is a lad of development! Until his last day on this Earth, he worked hard to bring God Nigerians., Crowther 's son, fever merchants the Church of England 's Church missionary (! * - Volume 33 Yard for Service of the Mission had to fight Pagan degradations until his last on. Act as an agricultural training centre for Schon 's recommendations may be briefly summarised of! Its aims in tears, telling me to return to them again Calabar! - Volume 33 of those days banks was published by the northern region in 1959 dreaded fever. Pastorate and the message of the River Niger Hoegh Bronnum ; authorities England. Was it difficult worth quoting among his pupils some `` little girls ``! The most convincing proof was actively concerned from the less reputable of the Niger treaties! The arrangements in the period 1840-1890s created the need for and subsequently laid the foundation of Hausa language literature Nigeria.
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