Today Kp is an important measure for the energy input from the solar wind to Earth and it is used by space weather services in near real-time. The resulting gas of charged particles is called plasma, which is electrically conductive. The Estimated 3-hour Planetary Kp-index gives us a quick indication of the strongest observed geomagnetic activity over a 3-hour period. The planetary 3-hour-range index Kp is the mean standardized K-index from 13 geomagnetic observatories between 44 degrees and 60 degrees northern or southern geomagnetic latitude. If you are planning a trip to see the aurora hopefully this data will help you decide when to go and have the highest success rate. Impacts of ionospheric scintillations on GPS receivers intended for equatorial aviation applications, http://www.phantompilots.com/vie mp;p=331319#p331319, https://www.spaceweatherlive.com/en/help/the-kp-index, https://www.swpc.noaa.gov/impacts/space-weather-and-gps-systems. These maps were created using satellite observations to determine the average equatorward boundary of the aurora as a function of the Kp index**. Copyright 2003-2023 SpaceWeatherLive All rights reserved - Part of Parsec vzw -. Email Becky Oskinor follow her @beckyoskin. [This tool was developed by NOAA, in Boulder Colorado, and may be used to determine locations of possible auroral sightings.]. Kp-indices of 5 or greater indicate storm-level geomagnetic activity. This scale is called the Kp scale. When you do, please, always provide a link to this website (http://www.theusner.eu/terra/aurora/kp_archive.php). SWPCalso maintains tables of geomagnetic indices, including the Planetary K-index, back to 1994. When dawn broke Sunday in Death Valley, Calif., the low temperature was a sweltering 107.7 degrees, the highest ever recorded in North America. The K-index itself is a three hour . For any location on the middle latitudes a Kp-value of 7 is needed. It decreases the signal-to-noise ratio and affects carrier frequency, causing the receiver to lose lock on some satellites. NY 10036. It should be noted that the relationship between Kp and auroral latitude are approximate and represent averages. This is because Kp1, Kp2 and, to a lesser extent, Kp3 are by far the most common levels of geomagnetic activity. If you discard the Death Valley record from 1913, the 129.2-degree reading from Mitribah Thursday would tie the world's highest known temperature, also observed in Death Valley on June 30, 2013 . And it movesequatorwardabout 2 degrees for each level of Kp. Open http://sunearthday.gsfc.nasa.gov/swac/data.php and click on "Kp Index" (live data). What can I text my friend to make her smile? You are welcome to use these diagrams for non commercial purposes. There are several reasons why. KP is just an indicator, but in most situations: KP 1 to 3: Auroras are usually quiet and faint. The Kp-index was introduced by a German . Data from GFZ Potsdam (Kp-index from 1932-present) and NOAA NCEI (AA-index converted to Kpa from 1868-1931) Sunspot numbers from WDC-SILSO, Royal Observatory of Belgium, Brussels. By the late afternoon, the mercury had swelled to a . 1 every 3 years) and historical records point to Kp1, Kp2 and, to a lesser extent Kp3, being far and away the most frequent levels. Use props. Solar minimum in 2008 was the quietest since 1823 (the. Every state, including Alaska and Hawaii, have recorded a high temperature of at least 100 degrees, according to NOAA, with many states well above 115 degrees. First off, the observed Kp index has a three-hour time resolution. N specifies the number of days the diagram covers. Hemispheric and continental temperature records in 2019 - Highest minimum temperature ever recorded in the Southern Hemisphere: 35.9C (96.6F) at Noona, Australia, 18 January. And even there it would have been difficult to see. It is no surprise that the hottest . And, at first, the values were so high that they thought the UV data was the result of an instrument error, Cabrol said. According to. The highest heat index ever recorded in the world was 178 * in Saudi Arabia on July 8, 2003. Earlier studies by Richard McKenzie, a scientist at the National Institute of Water and Atmospheric Research in New Zealand, also found that the high Andes in Peru, Bolivia, Chile and Argentina regularly hit UV index levels higher than 25. The World Health Organization warns against spending time outside when the UV index tops 12. Why do I wake up disoriented after a nap? There were 25 days in a row in which the Kp index never rose above 0. The following information - from the book Your Guide to the [] What is the application of a cascade control system. National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, Viewing the aurora depends on four important factors. Just like a weather forecast, the KP Index can change. 10 days at or above . [1] For ninety years, a former record that was measured in Libya had been in place, until it was decertified in 2012 based on evidence that it was an erroneous reading. Impress Your Friends, Predict the (Space) Weather To do this, you'll check an index called Kp, a number from 0-9, which is used to rate the global . These maximum deviations may occur anytime during the 3-hour period. The near real-time production of the nowcast . For centuries it has been known that the sun follows a regular pattern of high and low solar activity. The estimated Kp index is derived at the U.S. Air Force Space Forecast Center using data from ground-based magnetometers: Meanook, Canada; Sitka, Alaska; Glenlea, Canada; Saint Johns, Canada; Ottawa, Canada; Newport, Washington; Fredericksburg, Virginia; Boulder, Colorado; and Fresno, California. DST Changes. The principal users affected by geomagnetic storms are the electrical power grid, spacecraft operations, users of radio signals that reflect off of or pass through the ionosphere, and observers of the aurora. Kp of 3: aurora could be expected south to the BLUE line. During this time the northern lights would have been virtually non-existent unless you were directly underneath the auroral oval. For further information about the Kp index, please visit the official Kp index web page at the German Research Centre for Geosciences (GFZ). Highest ever in state history. At Kp = 0, the equator ward edge of the auroral oval is approximately 66 degrees. Second, the traditional Kp index is a measure of activity over the last 3 hours, while solar . The larger the index (7+) the more active the Earth's magnetic field becomes due to a storm from the sun. No-one has ever had it affect their drone. You can directly link to the current image using this code: The new results were published today (July 8) in the journal Frontiers in Environmental Science. It is updated after every 3-hour period with the most recent reported Kp-value or during times of high auroral activity it is updated at the same time as the NOAA SWPC issues an alert that a certain threshold has been reached. I take your points about myth propagation . The faster the solar wind blows, the greater the turbulence. Becky Oskin covers Earth science, climate change and space, as well as general science topics. . The KP Auroral Map tool shows the connection between Kp Index and the predicted southern edge of the aurora in North America. In general it's better to play it safe during solar storms, even though most of the time you won't notice any issues. The researchers think seasonal thunderstorms over the Andes and fires burning in the Amazon could have depleted protective ozone, along with an atmospheric train of ozone-depleting chemicalsstreaming north from Antarctica. This scale ranges from G1 to G5, with G1 being the lowest level and G5 being the highest level. UV levels peak in summer and are lowest in winter. It appears Cuzco, Peru has the highest UV index in the world due to the high altitude of the Andes and low latitude. Each station is calibrated according to its latitude and reports a certain K-indice depending on the geomagnetic activity measured at the location of the magnetometer. The smaller the index (1-2) the more quiet it is. During the equinoxes, Earths axis is 0 relative to the ecliptic, and the suns magnetic field lines can better connect with Earths magnetic field. The Estimated 3-hour Planetary Kp-index is derived at the NOAA Space Weather Prediction Center using data from the following ground-based magnetometers: Sitka, Alaska; Meanook, Canada; Ottawa, Canada; Fredericksburg, Virginia; Hartland, UK; Wingst, Germany; Niemegk, Germany; and Canberra, Australia. 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What is the highest Kp index ever recorded? 12/03/11: 8: Hot rain falls on Saudi Arabia: highest temperature and humidity combo ever recorded in a rainfall!!! Pacific + 8 = UT Watch out for my next post, 10 Best Places in the World to See the Aurora., Your email address will not be published. The result is averaged together with those of the other observatories to produce an index that tells scientists how disturbed the Earth's magnetic field is on a 9-point scale. This article reviews the properties of the Kp index and provides a reference for users of the Kp index and associated data products as derived and distributed by the GFZ German Research Centre for Geosciences. It's a serious business. The highest fever ever recorded was 115.7 degrees Fahrenheit. It's a very poor resolution as the aurora often happens in quick, elusive and sporadic shows, especially around solar minimum. Then hit create plot. The Kp-index describes the disturbance of the Earths magnetic field caused by the solar wind. If you are in the right place, these aurora can be quite pleasing to look at. 1) Storm of January 10, 1993 deepened to a central pressure of 912 . But it was the summer of 1913 that entered the record books, acknowledged officially as the hottest temperature ever recorded at 56.7 C (134 F) in recent years, according to WMO. Sometimes changes in the suns activity can cause big changes in Kp. Offline 9 # Ex Machina Posted at 3-25 17:19 Huh, do you have any links you can share on why the KP index doesn't matter? There is an approximate relationship between Kp and theequatorwardextent of the auroral oval. This period averages 11 years in length, but can vary from 9 to 13 years long. 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