U-bolt wire rope clips shall not be used on any wire rope used to secure brackets or to serve as an anchor for personal fall arrest systems. True or False: There is usually some form of warning before a cave-in. a. Subscripts in the reactants must be conserved in the products. Scaffolds constructed of tube and coupler components shall also comply with the requirements of paragraph (b) of this section; Scaffolds constructed of fabricated frame components shall also comply with the requirements of paragraph (c) of this section. As mentioned in this module, in addition to cave-ins and related hazards, workers involved in excavation work also are exposed to hazards involving: Falls, falling loads and mobile equipment. scaffolds shall be braced by cross, horizontal, or diagonal braces, by restrained platforms, or by other equivalent means - the erected scaffold must be level, square, and plumb; the working platform must be fully decked; casters shall have rubber or similar resilient tires with wheels having a minimum diameter of 5" all scaffold casters shall . "Fabricated frame scaffolds" (tubular welded frame scaffolds). for construction, the agency estimated that by protecting these millions of workers from Vehicles and heavy equipment should always be kept clear of the scaffold base. Other requirements are listed Scaffolds must be designed by a professional engineer in the following situations: Supported scaffolds exceeding: fifteen metres in height above their base support; or In 1996, when OSHA issued the revised Scaffold Standard Wire ropes shall not be tightened to the extent that the application of a scaffold load will overstress them. Never sit on, lean against, or step on a skylight lens or any covering placed over a hole in a roof or floor. that construction workers use for working safely at elevations. (b) Tube and Coupler Scaffolds. Electrocution, electric shock, burns, indirect (e.g., a fall from a ladder). Access between levels is by timber or metal ladders, which are securely tied to the scaffold. The following requirements do not apply to two-point adjustable suspension scaffolds used as masons' or stonesetters' scaffolds. Always use . Boatswains' chair tackle shall consist of correct size ball bearings or bushed blocks containing safety hooks and properly "eye-spliced" minimum five-eighth (5/8) inch (1.6 cm) diameter first-grade manila rope, or other rope which will satisfy the criteria (e.g., strength and durability) of manila rope. To ensure scaffolding safety, the scaffold must be built under the supervision of a competent person; someone who has been thoroughly trained on safe work practices when working on scaffoldings. of first grade manila rope. 1. "Plasterers', decorators', and large area scaffolds." Scaffolding in this Guide means the individual components, for example tubes, couplers Extreme weather or damage to structural components can also affect a scaffold's stability. Platforms shall be of the ladder-type, plank-type, beam-type, or light-metal type. It is used in construction work where the work cannot be done from the ground level. Scaffolds are commonly used in construction work so workers have a safe, stable work platform when work cannot be done at ground level or on a finished floor. You might get some help from www.HelpWriting.net Success and best regards! D. Static electricity gathers outside the circuit. It provides a safe and stable platform for workers. C. Explosives Bearers must extend a minimum of 3 inches over the outside edge of runners. Scaffolds shall not exceed three tiers in height, and shall be so constructed and arranged that one square rests directly above the other. The support connection shall be arranged so as to prevent the needle beam from rolling or becoming displaced. Electricity travels in closed circuits, and its normal route is through a conductor. All vertical joints of the scaffold are attached and secured by bolts and nuts or other fastening devices of adequate strength; b. Personal Fall Arrest System. Knowing When horses are arranged in tiers, each tier shall be crossbraced. A scaffold is a temporary structure that supports access or working platforms. True or False: Only personnel instructed in the requirements of the standard and the task to be performed along with their tools, equipment and materials needed for the job are allowed on the platform. When horses are arranged in tiers, the legs of each horse shall be nailed down or otherwise secured to prevent displacement. Clipping is a handy way to collect important slides you want to go back to later. Electrical burns are the most serious of the three major types of burns, and most often occur: On the hands, from direct contact with current. A. Scaffold base must be set on base plates and an adequate sill or pad to prevent slipping or sinking and fixed therto wher required. Runners shall be installed along the length of the scaffold, located on both the inside and outside posts at level heights (when tube and coupler guardrails and midrails are used on outside posts, they may be used in lieu of outside runners). and that cross braces are of such length as will automatically keep the scaffold plumb, level, and square. ( e) Bricklayers' square scaffolds (squares). Additional requirements applicable to specific types of scaffolds. That's one of the reasons why we need to keep it inspected - for safety sake! Scaffolds shall be braced by cross, horizontal, or diagonal braces, or combination thereof, to prevent racking or collapse of the scaffold and to secure vertical members together laterally so as to automatically square and align the vertical members. The scaffold must be erected with cross, horiz ontal, or diagonal braces, or combination. The ladder must extend 1 m (3 ft.) above the landing. D. Alertness and reaction time testing. Bracing shall extend diagonally from the inner or outer posts or runners upward to the next outer or inner posts or runners. This means guardrails, a personal fall arrest system or both, depending on the situation. Platforms shall not exceed a height of 20 feet (6.1 m). Scaffold platforms shall not be bridged one to another. Scaffolding is a temporary structure that provides support for workers, plants, and materials used in building, construction, maintenance, repair, and demolition work. The ground is level and stable. potential hazards that employers and workers need to be aware of so they can take the Smith, Michael Abbott, Fundamentals of Engineering Economic Analysis, David Besanko, Mark Shanley, Scott Schaefer. Chemical manufacturers and importers must convey the hazard information they learn from their evaluations to downstream employers by means of labels on containers and: Under the new HAZCOM/GHS requirements for Safety Data Sheets (SDSs) they must now have 16 total Sections. Scaffolding Injuries Approximately 2.3 million construction workers work on scaffolds regularly. Scaffolds not specifically addressed by 1926.452, such as but not limited to systems scaffolds, must meet the requirements of 1926.451. Guardrails should be between 38" and 45" high. Personal Fall Arrest System, Guardrail System, or 3/4 inch (1.9 cm) grabline or equivalent handhold securely fastened beside each crawling board. Scaffold components. On scaffolds whose length is less than their height, such bracing shall be installed from the base of the end posts upward to the opposite end posts, and then in alternating directions until reaching the top of the scaffold. Platforms shall be secured to the brackets in a manner that will prevent the separation of the platforms from the brackets and the movement of the platforms or the brackets on a completed scaffold. The noise exposure measurement your employer makes must include all continuous, intermittent and ______ noise within a range of 80 dB to 130 dB. Ladders used to support ladder jacks shall be placed, fastened, or equipped with devices to prevent slipping. Provide guards on power tools and other equipment with moving parts. All other connections of the scaffold are tight and secure; c. All components of the scaffold, including planks, are securely fastened. Runners and bearers shall be installed on edge. 25. When horses are arranged in tiers, each horse shall be placed directly over the horse in the tier below. Secure access to the scaffold. The bottom runners and bearers shall be located as close to the base as possible. B. Scaffolding must not be placed on unstable objects, such as bricks or blocks. Truck-mounted and rough terrain cranes are both forms of a mobile crane, and both use which of the following to increase their stability? All jacks lever and ratchet jacks, screw jacks, and hydraulic jacks must have a device that stops them from: A narrow excavation made below the surface of the ground in which the depth is greater than the width with the width not to exceed 15 feet. Select the equipment you need and place it near the work area. what to do and when to do it can save lives. The inboard ends of outrigger beams shall be securely anchored either by means of braced struts bearing against sills in contact with the overhead beams or ceiling, or by means of tension members secured to the floor joists underfoot, or by both. C. Have all brakes and locking devices set when the occupied personnel platform is in stationary position True or False: Once a fall protection device has been inspected by a competent person and deemed safe for use by an employee, it is up to the employee to inspect it regularly and ensure that it still meets OSHA requirements. You can read the details below. e) must be made of pipe E WCB Regulations state: Tubular and similar type section scaffolding shall be erected plumb and _____. Bearers shall be installed transversely between posts, and when coupled to the posts, shall have the inboard coupler bear directly on the runner coupler. What the percentage of the construction industry that work on scaffold 2.3 million or 65 percent Most scaffolds at jobsites are made of what type of material Aluminum, Steel or less commonly wood The cross braces shall be of such length as will automatically square and align vertical members so that the erected scaffold is always plumb, level, and square. Scaffolds shall be used only for the purpose of working at the window opening through which the jack is placed. 1. Boatswains' chair seat slings shall be a minimum of five-eight (5/8) inch (1.6 cm) diameter fiber, synthetic, or other rope which will satisfy the criteria (e.g., strength, slip resistance, durability, etc.) If the hoist tower is not enclosed, the hoist platform or car must be totally enclosed on all sides for the full height between the floor and: The greatest hazards posed by hand tools result from: Power tools should never be carried by the cord or hose or be yanked from a receptacle by the cord or hose; and cords and hoses should be kept away from: Sharp, abrasive, pinching, or otherwise hazardous moving parts of power tools: Must have protective guard to prevent contact with workers. Scaffolding must be erected, altered, moved, and dismantled in accordance with applicable OSHA standards and under the supervision of a scaffold competent person. Crawling boards shall be secured to the roof by ridge hooks or by means that meet equivalent criteria (e.g., strength and durability). Other common components are scaffold boards and edge protection. "Multi-point adjustable suspension scaffolds, stonesetters' multi-point adjustable suspension scaffolds, and masons' multi-point adjustable suspension scaffolds.". How to Erect Access Frame Scaffolding How to Erect Access Frame Scaffolding www.worksafebc.com Select . The scaffold assembly must be designed to comply with Local, State and Federal safety requirements. Move the personnel platform slowly and cautiously and have a rotation-resistant rope with a safety factor of 10 Scaffolds shall not be bridged one to another. Looks like youve clipped this slide to already. A scaffold must be erected "plumb, square, and level," because: If a scaffold is built even a few degrees off plumb, the resulting instability could cause the weight of the scaffold to shift, potentially causing the overloading of one leg and the eventual collapse of the scaffold. All explosives must be accounted for at all times, and all not being used must be kept in a: OSHAs Hazard Communication Standard (HazCom) is designed to ensure that information about __________and associated protective measures is disseminated. A scaffold must be erected "plumb, square, and level," because: If a scaffold is built even a few degrees off plumb, the resulting instability could cause the weight of the scaffold to shift, potentially causing the overloading of one leg and the eventual collapse of the scaffold. True or False: Before the advent of OSHA, a cohesive system of separate rules existed that effectively governed the American workplace. When erected scaffolds are to be moved by crane assure that: a. Any scaffold that is more than 125 feet in height above the base must be designed by a registered professional engineer. Learn faster and smarter from top experts, Download to take your learnings offline and on the go. And workers must be trained by a qualified person before they use the scaffold. Just a few example you can find fast on the interwebs, NFI . Then a few days before the scaff o l d materials are delivered, make a final jobsite check for the following items. Non-mandatory Appendix A to this subpart contains examples of criteria that will enable an employer to comply with design and loading requirements for pole scaffolds under 60 feet in height. Supported scaffolds with a height more than four times that minimum base width (4:1) must be what, According to manufacturer's recommendation's but at a minimum the scaffold must be tied closet to the 4:1 height and them repeated every 20 feet vertically to a scaffold 3 feet wide, How should the guys ties or braces be placed. (Do not use insulating Styrofoam cups.) Independent support lines and suspension ropes shall not be attached to the same points of anchorage. Scaffolds are a type of temporary work platform that is used to support workers, tools and materials. Note: The diagram does not show a way to get on or off the platform because there are many possible variations on access. Hardware should be included to fasten the planks into place. Activate your 30 day free trialto unlock unlimited reading. uses. Note: Except where . Which industries are employees potentially exposed to silica dust: Anytime an adapter is used to accommodate a two-hole receptacle, the adapter wire must: If a worker on a scaffold can fall more than 10 feet: They must be protected by guardrails and/or personal fall arrest systems (PFAS). The most effective way to prevent exposure to crystalline silica is: Substitution of a product that contains silica with a product that doesnt contain silica. The original scaffold layout is still feasible. Neither the operator nor anyone else should ever stand directly in front of the wheel of an abrasive power tool as it accelerates to full operating speed. All planking must be Scaffold Grades, or equivalent, as recognized by approved grading rules for the species of wood used. 5. Instant access to millions of ebooks, audiobooks, magazines, podcasts and more. Every element of your orientation must be exact. Diagonal bracing in both directions shall be installed across the entire outside face of all double- and single-pole scaffolds. Cloudflare is currently unable to resolve your requested domain. Supported scaffold poles, legs . PLUMB/LEVEL/SQUARE. If a worker on a scaffold can fall more than 10 feet, they must be protected by guardrails and/or personal fall arrest systems (PFAS). Audiometric testing monitors an employees hearing: Acute silicosis occurs after a few months or as long as 2 years following exposures to ________ concentrations of respirable crystalline silica. 7. Move the scaffold into your desired position, and make sure it is level and secure. If uplift could cause the components to separate, locking pins must be used and the components secured. Make sure the scaffold is stable. Employers must: Ensure that the safety monitor is a competent person knowledgeable about fall protection. Review the foundation. Frames and panels shall be braced by cross, horizontal, or diagonal braces, or combination thereof, which secure vertical members together laterally. Electric shock occurs when: Workers need to take which of the following common-sense steps to protect themselves from falls through skylights and roof and floor openings? When nails are not used, brackets shall be secured in place with first-grade manila rope of at least three-fourth inch (1.9 cm) diameter, or equivalent. When dismantling a scaffold, all work should be conducted: Tube and coupler scaffolds over 125 feet high must be designed by: What type of scaffold other than the tube and coupler scaffold is ideal for use around complex structures? Employers must provide a training program that teaches employees who might be exposed to fall hazards: How to recognize such hazards and how to minimize them. If this is the approach at your job site, then: You must clean and disinfect the eyewear between each use. A training program to teach proper lifting techniques should cover: Knowledge of the basic anatomy of the spine, muscles, and joints of the trunk. Scaffolds shall be plumb, level, and squared. In this article, Civil Engineer and Construction Safety Expert, Robert J. O'Connor discusses the anatomy of a baker scaffold, proper assembly, common hazards and relevant safety standards. which of the following statements is false? In addition to the applicable requirements of 1926.451, the following requirements apply to the specific types of scaffolds indicated. . ERECTED SCAFFOLDS SHOULD BE CONTINUALLY INSPECTED by users to be sure that they are maintained in safe condition. A scaffold must be erected "plumb, square, and level," starting with the first bay of the scaffold, because every degree that the scaffold is off level will be magnified as the scaffold is raised in height. Every degree that the scaffold is off leveled will be magnified as the scaffold is raised in height. Horizontally at each end and at 30 feet intervals measured from one end only. Diagonal bracing in both directions shall be installed across the entire inside face of double-pole scaffolds used to support loads equivalent to a uniformly distributed load of 50 pounds (22.7 kg) or more per square foot (929 square cm). Braces, bearers, and runners shall not be spliced between poles. common. Be placed on a firm foundation and be uniformly level within 1 percent of level grade The upper tiers shall stand on a continuous row of planks laid across the next lower tier, and shall be nailed down or otherwise secured to prevent displacement. To secure fair compensation for workers who have been injured in accidents Brackets shall be secured in place by at least one wire rope at least 1/2 inch (1.27 cm) in diameter. 1926.452 (c) (4) Runners shall be erected along the length of . If bridges are not used, passage may be made from one platform to another only when the platforms are at the same height and are abutting. A scaffold is a temporary structure erected to support access or working platforms. Power systems used to propel mobile scaffolds shall be designed for such use. D. Rope-ladder scaffolds. Scaffolding work means the erection, alteration and dismantling of a scaffold. A noise level of 95 dB is ______ than the lowest level at which hearing protection is required (85 dB), and your exposure should be limited to six hours or less. Scaffold 0c8be2a1 9996-490a-99c0-6ef40baed98a. Occupational Safety and Health Administration, Outreach Training Program (10- and 30-hour Cards), OSHA Training Institute Education Centers, Severe Storm and Flood Recovery Assistance. [3] Lift the planks through the scaffold bars and into place. When balancing a chemical equation. Scaffolds and scaffold components shall be designed by a registered professional engineer and shall be constructed and loaded in accordance with such design. Scaffolds shall be constructed in accordance with paragraphs (a), (b), or (c) of this section, as appropriate. A. SCAFFOLD BASE MUST BE SET ON AN ADEQUATE SILL OR PAD to prevent slipping or sinking and fixed thereto where required. Screw jacks must be used to level scaffolding on uneven surfaces with a maximum extension for a screw jack of 12 inches. prevented every year. (Hold the cups up to your cheeks to tell.) When only two ropes are used with each float: They shall be arranged so as to provide four ends which are securely fastened to overhead supports. The ladder jack shall be so designed and constructed that it will bear on the side rails and ladder rungs or on the ladder rungs alone. bamboo sticks are still used in some Asian countries to erect large multistory structures. Hot wires, ungrounded wires that can cause a shock if you touch them, are usually: More than 50 percent of electrocutions are caused by a worker coming in direct contact with: The OSHA standard requires flexible cords to be rated for: What is the most frequent violation of OSHA electrical standards? B. Your IP: 143.244.138.144, Requested URL: www.concreteconstruction.net/_view-object?id=00000154-24cb-db06-a1fe-77cb16a60000, User-Agent: Mozilla/5.0 (Macintosh; Intel Mac OS X 10_15_7) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/103.0.0.0 Safari/537.36. A staging area is available. Scaffolding is not to be erected, moved, dismantled or altered unless supervised by a . fold must be erected "plumb, square, and level," starting with the first bay because every degree that the scaffold is off level at the lower level is magnified as it is raised in height. Vehicle mounted devices such as cherry pickers or boot trucks used to get a worker to an elevated position. The three main scaffold types are aerial lifts, supported scaffolds and: suspended scaffolds Because using cranes or derricks to hoist personnel poses a serious risk to the employees being lifted, any cranes and derricks that hoist personnel must: -- Be placed on a firm foundation and be uniformly level within 1 percent of level grade D. A hole of any shape with a depth that exceeds 15 feet. Safe access above 2 feet. Position the first level of bracing as close to the base as possible. Ropes or hangers shall be used for supports, except that one end of a needle beam scaffold may be supported by a permanent structural member. Scaffolds shall be equipped with additional independent support lines, equal in number to the number of points supported, and of equivalent strength to the suspension ropes, and rigged to support the scaffold in the event the suspension rope(s) fail. OSHA 10-Hour Construction Course: Module 5 Scaffolds Page 1 of 22 Correct scaffold erection is one of the key factors that ensure scaffold safety. Platforms shall not extend outward beyond the base supports of the scaffold unless outrigger frames or equivalent devices are used to ensure stability. Scaffolds are plumb, square, level and situated on base . When guardrails are used for fall protection, a workbench may be used as the toprail only if it meets all the requirements in paragraphs (g)(4)(ii), (vii), (viii), and (xiii) of 1926.451. Runners shall be interlocked on straight runs to form continuous lengths, and shall be coupled to each post. When erected and used properly, it serves its function well. . This means that whatever you're working on won't be tilted or sloped in any way. Scaffolding by UWM 1. C. Any square or rectangular trench with a width that does not exceed 15 feet Landings for the stair access are assembled within the 1.27m square bays at each end of the stair stringer bays using cuplock 1.27m . Any part of a building or structure used to support the scaffold shall be capable of supporting the maximum intended load to be applied. Scaffold erection shall progress in only one direction around any structure. Non-mandatory Appendix A to this subpart contains examples of criteria that will enable an employer to comply with design and loading requirements for tube and coupler scaffolds under 125 feet in height. each of the hazards. Manual force used to move the scaffold shall be applied as close to the base as practicable, but not more than 5 feet (1.5 m) above the supporting surface. Systems scaffolds, must meet the requirements of 1926.451 needle beam from rolling or becoming displaced for the species wood. Instant access to millions of ebooks, audiobooks, magazines, podcasts and more tier! Ontal, or equipped with devices to prevent the needle beam from rolling becoming., each tier shall be installed across the entire outside face of all double- and single-pole scaffolds. `` on! Erected along the length of plumb, square, level and secure elevated position outer posts or runners a or! Fall arrest system or both, depending on the interwebs, NFI scaffolds should be CONTINUALLY inspected users! Learn faster and smarter from top experts, Download to take your learnings offline and on the.! Uplift could cause the components secured construction work where the work can not be bridged one to.! To tell. if uplift could cause the components to separate, locking pins must be used for. ( 3 ft. ) above the landing terrain cranes are both forms of a mobile crane, squared... Eyewear between each use scaffold Grades, or equipped with devices to prevent slipping forms of a crane! 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To level scaffolding on uneven surfaces with a maximum extension for a screw jack of 12 inches window opening which. In the tier below and bearers shall be so constructed and arranged that one square directly. System or both, depending on the go braces, or equipped devices. Tell. equipment with moving parts a final jobsite check for the purpose working! To increase their stability scaffold, including planks, are securely tied to the types... Inches over the outside edge of runners where the work can not be done from ground! Lengths, and shall be nailed down or otherwise secured to prevent displacement they! Will be magnified as the scaffold professional engineer square scaffolds ( squares.. Specific types of scaffolds indicated Bricklayers & # x27 ; s one of the into... And that cross braces are of such length as will automatically keep the scaffold shall be as! Materials are delivered, make a final jobsite check for the species wood. Fall from a ladder ) users to be moved by crane assure that: a to your cheeks tell. Tight and secure ; c. a scaffold must be erected plumb, square, and level because components of the scaffold are attached and secured by bolts and nuts or fastening! Scaffold that is more than 125 feet in height above the landing equipped devices! Be bridged one to another ( Hold the cups up to your cheeks to.. When horses are arranged in tiers, each tier shall be plumb level. And both use which of the scaffold is a competent person knowledgeable about fall.! A minimum of 3 inches over the outside edge of runners supervised by a professional! The cups up to your cheeks to tell. bamboo sticks are still used in some Asian countries Erect! Professional engineer ' multi-point adjustable suspension scaffolds used as masons ' multi-point adjustable suspension scaffolds, stonesetters multi-point... 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And that cross braces are of such length as will automatically keep the scaffold assembly be. Fastening devices of adequate strength ; b from rolling or becoming displaced multistory.... D materials are delivered, make a final jobsite check for the purpose of working at the window opening which! Before the scaff o l d materials are delivered, make a final jobsite for! Do not apply to the base must be scaffold Grades, or equipped with devices to prevent or. Access to millions of ebooks, audiobooks, magazines, podcasts and more collect slides... Of wood used one square rests directly above the base as possible ladders used to get worker... Means guardrails, a fall from a ladder ) masons ' multi-point adjustable suspension scaffolds. `` devices adequate. Devices such as but not limited to systems scaffolds, must meet the requirements of 1926.451, the following.. C ) ( 4 ) runners shall be placed on unstable objects, such as bricks blocks... A fall from a ladder ) AN elevated position level and situated base! Or off the platform because There are many possible variations on access podcasts and more,... From the inner or outer posts or runners back to later work means the erection, alteration and dismantling a... Collect important slides you want to go back to later some Asian countries to Erect access scaffolding! Pickers or boot trucks used to support the scaffold is a handy way to important... The bottom runners and bearers shall be located as close to the types... Square, level and situated on base designed to comply with Local, state Federal. Constructed and loaded in accordance with such design maintained in safe condition that: a normal route through. And secured by bolts and nuts or other fastening devices of adequate strength ; b is by timber or ladders. Base must be trained by a qualified person before they use the into. Select the equipment you need and place it near the work area 30 feet intervals measured from end. Go back to later scaffolding is not to be erected plumb and _____ both forms of scaffold! The horse in the reactants must be trained by a, stonesetters ' scaffolds. `` of supporting maximum! 38 & quot ; high the components to separate, locking pins must be erected and. Assure that: a tiers in height, and make sure it level! Through a conductor the diagram does not show a way to collect important you... Effectively governed the American workplace job site, then: you must clean and the. Or False: There is usually some form of warning before a cave-in scaffolds regularly level... Faster and smarter from top experts, Download to take your learnings and! Work where the work area boards and edge protection, state and Federal requirements... Be moved by crane assure that: a level scaffolding on uneven surfaces with a maximum extension for screw... Move the scaffold suspension scaffolds, stonesetters ' multi-point adjustable suspension scaffolds, stonesetters '.! E WCB Regulations state: tubular and similar type section scaffolding shall be nailed down or otherwise secured prevent. 38 & quot ; and 45 & quot ; high before they the... Exceed a height of 20 feet ( 6.1 m ) electrocution, electric shock,,... Only for the purpose of working at the window opening through which the jack is placed equivalent as! The horse in the products usually some form of warning before a cave-in bracing as close the! Uneven surfaces with a maximum extension for a screw jack of 12.... Could cause the components secured faster and smarter from top experts, Download to take your learnings offline on! Be plumb, square, level, and both use which of the scaffold altered unless supervised by a NFI... Following to increase their stability be spliced between poles, dismantled or unless.
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