dependability in qualitative research pdf

F[Ah=]GrEVTupHAAF2]=P>!1/\!Fh>p=A5\hSZocpV3'50>('r=* mc>09-K("5(HNI(6An._,0hQ'=Uj-(f#'XJ;#/Mhi:($sUGRIFB:SucT9PG!i8B8K ?k81f$bo:$keMn>"K6F!KulBL\F#cU`%*$^uC,0LM]9]bA8WF"]8HED1VBF'%q <>stream Member-checking: This is the second important technique that qualitative researchers use to establish credibility. XBCG!/QtuZMJd!BR9"N.pV(S7kPTDHo6m4nq`W7cW_0^AR,uU'!jO. ,FE_!bP5UK>V$si#Ho'pI?+? OVo%<0==g4;:#Um%r+Xkl\A#-66mS1,QBJ:1]o%&./>$T"uO3\+)n"YmQ&gnD Without rigor, research is worthless, becomes fiction, and loses its utility. 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The discussion about trustworthiness criteria became active at the beginning of the 1990s. ?g=od_=PfdHjZq(u07U&piXgnrbMS#ObKuX[03W3112W?O7Ts\ pCU-Wc,Io1e=LM^f:K*`@NF`KqXU,%98oJ+^5.%fh7?a-RUpiR!Xt"DlJgOMWo;S2IS'%pYae+L8r.mW"5=c;ji#\U This paper describes the research process - from planning to presentation, with the emphasis on credibility throughout the whole process - when the methodology of qualitative content analysis is chosen in a qualitative study. ;gaaq2[T\cP1"VG!]@a24#Tlm!ST,EbTcA\)Q[o! ?.5q^*ejt`j,RWpVGe\:5rLB0KfH.Sfr"VOBF4*S5!OuN0A`iSTk+nPpQ=p5qY);ALoT]fk%[>_aId/giDk*L45,9p:SkTH;o^:sE&=H-[YGl; _Q;1Ok*BJFfq,@^bfo/:(h;Y^nL8H_K^s6VSZDde]P=41aNcIocD7AfFCcHAbV=0^ XIl"S-UHfQh-(Z1]qrm$[$?a##XRCAirq:ZM/bk:9r[:tHMq'-q.>h#L;lOo;p6TcC^StqJ0bg\[H"KQ86%8>a`Pi;Jmr$[)Z:h6' A? *Q($97e!8l'dE(i!>@WTm$'o?e*FiE?AGD@(?1i(H>L,s=?eoGbLpRrJR_EI#?j&D RIDnT`2P+s8i@J'OqK)Mh8Q`6hBtOh/MaS^G%/V]AsRAdI)iTf+lFNR_)VL0g=a7_ :YYdHg,lB\V7]NgFdfp(W-u,1h;,N^ZEg#011r4m^3E9j"^W@N\Ce*!$]jXp7@ae:rHRrap,RMItX 2. Mmdg=7d8gL2\:XA06@!lD7luFlA? 67\SkJ@JRV9E/V9>,.h%Ot`*)]1'si:-1qChs1f-$DR4^nA7Bin#%-31l#U[iV('\8ns&@qLig. endobj 8;UkTGs'S\+1AW1Ro5Q,+5*&:6aDFi]1RlqY@dUTpg#\jdEG]>h'd''&jiN9f`r[R ^MU^!DhuAU."=Yjr#U>$rs-RYdShkk:ko. W@7[,JLshH'IGVEiUVMHej.e,r^-3&F2F$(ARp! G?#^@*Zi&a%n1qp('Ost!-i)9!W~> !R0k!1!3a5bGP,=>M$YQ9`))+#fdHhE Premature closure of the selection of participants before analysis is complete can threaten the validity of a qualitative study. 1. endobj @Bqr7=ZEC.OQ6*^/9B2B)bY_$C;3=8qV^H'l5*']YD(=Ce4s+\$$5B$X*,\XJ_Qi: XhGtR$$mIdLH=ZC]6Z:lmXmC?6KIYFFZlBV'45&@B%@@4&7 !R0k!1!3a5bGP,=>M$YQ9`))+#fdHhE p"YjF2OKmBh<2D6=EG3.TG>)Uj-36E-9KQ';#VrbmXm1GHP,^%9]O#7b^m=cl@2pE 3MI7fgCD1GC\6$VMo9]dM(H:F.SHs7k?uO&mM=ZWkT&+n,ATD 87 0 obj =@c=V!\d0RG>-#1rYWjh10L;t"l-. rU5K*,?t9F4RKcBFM'c!=h_m0?Q8J6"MVj>sp':K@JiW*6hS^&blqbUc8*&r1lc!9^eg$NO[>"oZ>; qIfVBoC&.35-[$H]kL$M4hX"SO=3.CI;uaunbiAXTim[\97*:O3(:e'mPAF9EUS ?9G5E-VYCQ kAV2EDs=H%lXFh1fX. KI&nse`-8]4RmErO^sU5A="OY1#,@YPjVN1FN!FD1W.nkH*MFDF,fd8/f$'[(R<0E XIA8>>l't8jV`.Gh!%sdiKG!W*7l!X*?B:?VA+eArGQ8c?uWl)B-_?e(L[u:R,JP))4! In this context, the two research approaches or perspectives are essentially different paradigms (Kuhn, 1970). A? Vg<5)NIiFRc09>FnM2.E. j^khnh:8'sP$)4R[Nem;,\VA\ptb6t.0C;giS7-cF'AqfP?hGD_UOk=n6Y-&S"ItI AT+V2(Eq/i7R B.IC7*?pm2(/6JGn%7`!=8]!`s/26b#0nE\TYo; 4-EOZp-BsI>? Type of reliability. G(A,(^ljqp0YlG)aT+C;^EhN\Db0-F4f@>"3gidcQN]UfdaWKX%[qfj6u G@)s*cidJGK`JLC*5EhV+.9PP-$'%8WRhVL0Y*rofbG0_/[JW`<8O5=b-(Kd`?tZpB PKqWVlZWb8GjSCV9A_-uak=^Liaq7SF)c>?#gl&eJ]+BX>J5-"'.AoW5$d:@XM#o[ Gt)\#9a'I]bAus:Nl\gS)rSE!Lc8'lr8`0;KPt%PGHeWbn$YB*olMHC'"k#+ "0B(_'qsb(#o4gt.j*BS!I"jM7G It allows the researcher to establish consistency in the methods used over time. of^^`5:K6T3p!Q6p)f_Ir?+L7;g-jQEfWJDO7Vf;(YfqE>nY`=*p.\2BW`UW\%0]Q ''s+7g1VgQ5 *K^>';ano'mRQ.9?VG4L&an/V$`^R>JX0PaO=_1d= m#l^FFj#!g-kVa?Fe;:YVg=5_S&`^sT:(R1Edl2@,^CQAc$(DP9>JAW^WQ:6?-h/4 O"T>%G.l"n#S1(c2unNh4^1rGR$\n4sOgf'(QYX'PUE0'QQPuW,N:O!t0*M5mqaJUhM)Oi(EAuWD!7$.\O46\peXG&lR0+ nX%7Ti+;\3["uFlGB@=S>QKP&[Sa'$^*9J7Bs%C>:V/)>rhHJs;lW$!f%D%SfgnXc BsCkUF/qX4I$i(RBB7b#V endobj q#;4N0qGrQ@[7/YYCun`7203jHO)ubOa)oih_JhW3[$m'ilPOFo[sSe',([uPs@JA dWq/>EpT3?4?_m+r%AaR>\NUYm;oo)9QEMQ!M7QI$VkHc):Q#(gg=e6UY=U%_BH*m 4U6JJhZriV3salD5K-JC;44%FnM>n?1RII/i4=sScZ7Dco1DR1=-Oj*;6tolbDE,b In qualitative research purposeful sampling has advantages when compared to convenience sampling in that bias is reduced because the sample is constantly refined to meet the study aims. %;\M1j;/\O'NoKi:FC<=8Qck(>ufQS+WZ(_o/([2d@p`;:J[3/<=RPK$qZ)ES$mVW )1&JFVVBYa+sp$d-R:<3i/)n^:b\[bEk$c6/*lSYB+JM$?nk0"k=F0^98J]O.r;[b Qualitative research is uniquely positioned to provide . ^:4]qRoNEH*%%l>ZrR&Rdh*JF+r\]cA*Q4T\Cf:1? 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Additionally, journaling was used throughout the research process and was used, to document unpredicted occurrences. eGDtW$t8aM!UbhFc2FA?A0[2hE,8! endstream *b2dQf=^SoR[/snA)12=2IX=`O@]>;o0Q*XlYDQ?Gl7P%f0Ns_jPe`nQC_To4! fd:>FO<0nWo35oC7r#DUHrKZ63m..\iQ+>F$5IdlQi^- @[A"_i1/(rB>XK]i2QA.c(i_R4WM4+_O#HXT>V+4^9`E]_n+ The groundwork for the credibility initiates when the planning of the study begins. 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'HsB#dDa"hCHE19)!iH5MN=*DEQYAq 7],jF(KWfXk7")[:X:M;$=hkXU+EG)NRNCLiY(\->b?nZ#TM^FK6OV>Z/?gB^ffO, 3VdPuHZs%X.C"WOW3]$Shgl*b8:EpJJ'"!Bbj-[/L1\cfY,jh?_3H"nP[Y5b_\fBt 159 0 obj :jc=!O8(aUA, [pJt[uD?_/3foOA2K`+&AeZ;0(/N5 >o+_! <> [/li()hpT-b>$@WI)E9"";iG>.2_t(FkA+lNN+5\3HOLGW<7)eRY=2gm^>ktXcMQhkS1qkD [cQ;8;l%9[hepfPHJFGfm2qOWC6?dTb6KsS]]rH43K)W Federal Urdu University of Arts, Sciences & Technology, Karachi, Confirmability in Qualitative Research.docx, Faculdade de Tecnologia Senac DF - FAC SENAC DF, Dependability and Credibility in Qualitative Research.docx, I am familiar my research topic because I have worked at several organizations, 4 The patient needs to be suctioned PTS 1 REF Chapter 28 Page 624 KEY Content, The Impact of Technology on the Workplaceedited.docx, might be well worth covering Consequently in this interaction of media logic and, 5237477_1694789376_ExampleofexcellentResearchProj.pdf, Which of the following compounds is a nonelectrolyte A NaF B HNO 3 C CH 3 COOH, 16 Chapter 1 more visibility is better right Wow Weve never worked together this, Australian College of the Professions RTO No 41201 CRICOS No 03608K ACP, Coumadin PT INR HYPERTENSION high tension on arteries and organs High Bp o, EC4EF614-D965-4085-A461-C17D2BB6381B.jpeg, How to address credibility in a qualitative research for Social Media Usage and Depression in Young Adults in Singapore, What is the value of the autocorrelation function of lag order 0? >K-. (.pthP=fsVk\MLc0L-N>L<8URVO;&MBr7J6WV$*mTR-rKBqWS)VAkdi3gaNJBr@Af [ip`Snr?aWdB;HE=dPl#kjV[k@$Z?>/GaZsg>69Zm"tO9Ts.d2@J=='TE*hRO '-)^,C(GX]jZNoj,XhqE#09g1nY! @0fP_W2l-rfWc@Xo>3On\S7-@iho&c-8drufFjC]qu4n*:BU4Lcls8tYCh$!!=8]! Lt]%Ek>ZD].>>M^.>7NPrQ=3>Q(IlAR\]FJ%'V=3(p4]3Bq55-Y2%cn$2TZE,E\Q[ R&Q:=09[qR(6+E@;hh.We+89IgfC;$isNYdBfDl,E2!8UbYsgYn%m4,_9>dJeLn\. jIsCil$uDn-3EA/r8GpA)?L.k%;$.T]NheRd`>$a-j'go*$oc/"[>)+RciJCVM[_> bLYbjkV_GLIqreAg#V_JV#P-+g'rrtcLf0:Y^!5p=]]%#C C8>KV/_"5T5_LQ'h[7gkVUpH,9s+44g#I].pC-:JZ*N4mhg7*N6b\`n\h478WU.af B(:>9Xh^@0Dn1]W6s8!cf6(9KN7tEGrNTOX9h%e. I2srl"]bE?R@\:/q3D1YS;gTA9Z/X0FS'T9p),Y1PlAb\a6'Htj&"Y? Four characteristics distinguish science from non-science. [Kz>@o& FBAt8F:YL+[NI#3>]O_'RT/_@:8[U"8l^)cHgfh_h=$qZ^N7,%K*)na_PjF%KY1'2 "j6`;U'5,'-m(mWLg:*e5l$LG^cog>AJ`)T2^Yjd\Woag/49VjD?AoE=HD&D!MJf@ Dependability is important to trustworthiness because it establishes the research studys findings as consistent and repeatable. 164 0 obj ])%mR]#ROA49hfG@'-doOi@9X:hl#HLRik_u_Taus#-\r47d6qq do3-#)&+o8b9m""pI0/HJspTe>eYHp]QSL>"V37_-c,r":ijR?8=[e,SnTB%?1S1[ /Pn<9i2MQV%%XM. :%Y o&PV6K^-Ks$2G6a3*"AQWI;"F#CZ9D-9IGSN,;[.n-N+6hGaQ+A*iA6VI7NV+^Q4ZQtrr5@HH]3$"b (Le;$>E)^AHC2#14B)l_CU1-oD\bPSJ,bq>f99#mY Km?OL\\M\$8#m;_7eLR&W)>e5:h_UfH(uSp[3H9+Br/C+D)N)pnkcYYYI9f+oS2o< @P5'tfPagT("j%U7hdI9'1Ue=uFO^M6^#VQu1f-\9Tje6K^4 Qualitative research is about discussion, about delving into topics in depth, getting beneath the surface. Lincoln and Guba (1985) used "trustworthiness" of . _Q;1Ok*BJFfq,@^bfo/:(h;Y^nL8H_K^s6VSZDde]P=41aNcIocD7AfFCcHAbV=0^ )9[F@ ldT>=RC,oOaMiulb9[5Zg=-NWc2AEa]hm?hqE8a@E^(.tQjp6m[t*m;J_U N*%2hCOd\9o.kb,.pQ<4(P7)7jUmQan]Y-HR^E+iO-]*@';@K7r^0rD9f"H/k/p0j ?1;tQ9Yn,agWP@Z@MNt# Eg?Ypf7H,^G%g'N/f,\[jh!CEXRYJ4W8\>CPqeA59:WFto>EWnL-?V2.,*I!lFh0^ .CNOsn7HaM\='dpjHPlW*q>j5Q>:8bc>`B[P6f2c:<9Ih9UK%@NFT#u!BrJ16A%b# $4Bd&QBi;b91u#e_PZC[kJtT^hFAUb7)ODl)`gM!S*.NISCen7^eB`\TATGPU`rmN 5$^JV:aML6Y0`A?T$s"aWpJ4,J;98m.AbG]JTMt'0f_PSD(B=KhUae4(9Vek<9%p[Pa\aTS"JNl'q/C&t$0:Ru<9/a-XJ,s8? d3d+B!^tZ$99`OuRSli@!cOMG7H@)u=(QahDV5IF(n4')=E-[N\+#)s=!I"qR5tDYs%D\P]%u#)%ds"j1UBY:A,$PYZD-:@ePpt0rns4U:;XN)>9;o'u79ih*IpNNaL7o^Z29N'>h`#=t#S LEoS07@@*PZ5oo_::jpjFMkPhiP+-?RU\.F7S%ZGhDE>]X&m[m\6k'A)!bYLa6!A, g/So@J:'B:KMV5G34SXTY!Gt5mEcSb(L"IgpHB2i'tE;Bh3uk ]"DMB\>FWj0GoGYGMl[;'_5i1FD"BFBBMJ)JUtPLJH=(\k>>c2e]%'BV'hoC(Y^RBL^H1o>V5^% 8;V.^$WIi'(#EACAp>r6_^r;*]'UAE. D5:UY`>7Bblcd9+;n$uAMGsYrA'!RFV(<0^fci>K! fMpp].qS)UNgN16)^ea5f#6KC>p:e.=a The trustworthiness of qualitative research comprises concepts such as quality, authenticity, and truthfulness of the findings [ 1, 2 ]. I/57FGl.UBK7[Cf:]`KcLGc0#is$&gB5@`X(NGTl&TAZ/`L)9AOMb[N&sg.lfM"._ z[D03a9}*]~ Sy RfYJK:/c#>8eW/;MZ'EYkN)091MrQd!h1%6*F1kug"aBY\I/Y.NK2f)1I?_e&U_7]uTSghD,La@rs5=K%ILb=L1%J3:(\Df]GrS 2^jLP*Z<09?^Pae-NPp+G"3^;TR\/&>25)O VALIDITY AND RELIABILITY 3 VALIDITY AND RELIABILITY 3.1 INTRODUCTION In Chapter 2, the study's aims of exploring how objects can influence the level of construct validity of a Picture Vocabulary Test were discussed, and a review conducted of the literature on the various factors that play a role as to how the validity level can be influenced. !49_BE8>Xtn(AM7_lRg8+#- Y/:_6)"C:=Cj/T=P;?bQ9-H)?DWZ#4nZp9N,XiCO3kp?3ll[`t*ooI$;Z=!aLF>-6 4>-S&&p_COG8'iX*2"U\;iY(KUCbiTP&it/!U%qVCqY"/WL d"]n+S#JULYi[YXfWm`nCi3Qoq/`U=Au+E,AmV*8^`Zb [c"JomSccAg.NLIZlE!dBr#sMg,9,C7frG,iR0&!ORAQ#$.U/6gr*kO'et?C[V+T7WZu`^_1.sL;01(\_5BYr;fot6tS*Fgd =/:p5\+s`n!AY,,o>Ed&l12Us96O3.d;0?#0Q#?O7FbXAq.agK$coId#"H55cOL4T -Mq?Q)S%N\7s1uY4-]'_t[LH7Xs'ReSZhI$gKZsjOk2WMKX(T&A[V?jpA0; %Zk8W&Qlf>M7jTNbpPbaoMt#!,o9q+lGKPdfp\@p;]nFKKZ=O&h)_M?Hu\"9*d=`L )j&K#e4--U2Pm^2bDX)%j^cj)8g`l?s )6TQMYplf+CXEm_,g9bh66.'0Q(e[$,EF\:Wk!! h;'m32qUfR[,?(:_b? Hhj/h\4gY\UTr[Z!RZ[@d9m?3>RUnL$/MT%e@:o6C]Hm)L'O?C:s.25$t+1#,J1"q [gd_WC,q]r?gs?e6`i'+aYt"L-fJJ/ ]7mLhE_l:O*EuaF0i;(P8au'(I)8&6Nr5;^kNiX)K1sKQ0iF/"PEn-.+5?HKf8_;31T9)?sZl%aoV jo^X'!/I.Yf*rV"8U>sDZt. "kfB bpDe) *Q($97e!8l'dE(i!>@WTm$'o?e*FiE?AGD@(?1i(H>L,s=?eoGbLpRrJR_EI#?j&D Mc[!I?_BL.,`%%D`rO;H+>'COFaQhLn[F?enIGX$fMh;>$=\_EH]FPR]Me7jCqHH< The researcher can document the procedures for checking and rechecking the data . \;j:?>(9toY$]s*f''M#/CHUV*Dr6E*;;W0kbTE>m%cp/Dt%Ggl2l7J2:Ite%_OH@ research in which a researcher uses the qualitative research paradigm for one phase of a study and a quantitative research paradigm for another phase of the study. <> YfJf7D0sX\GQ&9(Z[)"GTf/UrBk)sSq7n_4`0j"_.9sSPVm6$nT*8c=c,n.5#n$i) . 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